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THE ARAB JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Vol. 11,
N° 1, May (2000) E.mail: takriti@nol.com.jo |
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE / فهرس
الموضوعات |
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Drug Misuse
§
Dieting Among Arab Girls / Harith
SNvadi, Abdulbari Bener, Fatima AI Damaki §
MAOI Withdrawal Phenomena in the Elderly -
Case Report / Walid Abdul-Hamid, Martin Smith §
Depression in Elderly Primary Cave Attendees
In Bahrain / M.K. AI Haddad §
Possession and Exorcism An
Illustrative Case - Case Report
/ Yahia 0. Younis §
Forensic Physicatry in Islamic Law and
Sharia / Kutaiba Chaleby |
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SUMMARY / RESUMES /
ملخصات |
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Drug Misuse
§
The Flower of “Artificial Paradise": The Use and Misuse of Khat
(Qat) - A Review of the
Literature / G.
Hussein Rassool, Mohammad Abu-Saleh
ABSTRACT: Khat chewing in the United Kingdom, has been largely
confined to specific ethnocultural groups such as the Somali and the Yemeni community. In Europe,
Khatchewing has also spread among members of the Somali community in Rome.
The chewing of Khat is the most common method of use but it can also be
smoked and taken as tea. The effects include euphoria, increased alertness,
excitement with an improved ability to communicate etc. Various physical and
psychological problems have been reported among Khat users. Strong
associations have been found between Khat use and histories of anorexia,
constipation, insomnia, headaches and respiratory problems. Depression and
feelings of anxiety seemed to be less common although various forms of
psychosis have been associated with Khat among migrant populations such as
the Somali population. The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high among the
Khat chewers in the London's study. Although illegal drugs are relatively
uncommon among Khat chewers, cannabis use has been reported. It is considered
that there are no physical symptoms or withdrawal of Khat or tolerance in
contrast to the marked tolerance observed with amphetamine misuse. Despite
the widespread of Khat use, few individuals appear to request help with their
Khat use. It is clear that the pattern and perceptions of Khat use are
changing among the community of Khat chewers.
§
Sociodemographic Parameters and Clinical Pattern of Drug
Abuse in AI-Qassim Region-Saudi Arabia / Naseem Akhtar Qureshi, Tariq Ali
AI-Habeeb
ABSTRACT:
Background : Although drug
abuse is a major public health problem worldwide, there is a dearth of epidemiological and clinical data in
rapidly developing countries of the Arabian Gulf. This research aims to
describe sociodemography, epidemiology and pattern of drug abuse in
psychiatric population. Method : The basic clinicoepidemiological information on 423 patients with drug abuse drawn from two mental health facilities in Al-Qassim region, Central Saudi Arabia.
Results : Most of the studied patients
were unmarried, unemployed, young adult smokers with low level of education
who at very young age abused alcohol first, followed by amphetamines. A
proportion of patients were abusing multiple drugs while, on long term basis,
alcohol was the most consistently abused drug. Peer influence followed by
pleasure and curiosity were the most important factors in introducing,
initiating and maintaining the drug abuse by the patients themselves. More
than a quarter of patients had mood and anxiety disorders. Drug addiction
affected adversely the life style of these patients as most of them showed
episodes of violent behavior, neglected prayers, spent lots of money and
adopted criminal ways for obtaining drugs and did not use leisure time
positively. Patients also presented with multiple associated biopsychosocial
problems and treatment difficulties including relapses, which were the major
driving forces for seeking treatment in specialized hospitals.
Conclusion :
It is concluded that the drug-abusers have certain epidemiological, clinical
and drug patterns. There are several drug-associated problems that should be
appreciated and addressed by the assessing clinicians. Likewise, it is also
recommended that concerned authorities and planners must integrate their
efforts for establoshing comprehensive strategies on the preventive,
therapeutic and rehabilitation aspects of drug addiction now considered a
chronic, relapsing brain disease.
§
Dextromethorphan Abuse Inducing Psychotic reaction -
Case Report / Abed M. Abu-Mughaiseeb, Tarik S. Khammas, Shikha AI Muzafari
ABSTRACT:
A case of Dextromethorphane
abuse has been described. Three years abuse with excessive overdose resulted
in confusion and psychotic behavior (incoherent speech, hallucination and
disturbed behavior). The condition resolved rapidly with antipsychotic drugs.
A review of the literature regarding the abuse of DM, is mentioned and
discussed. §
Dieting Among Arab Girls / Harith SNvadi, Abdulbari Bener, Fatima
AI Damaki
ABSTRACT:
Objective : To estimate the
prevalence and severity of dieting and associated psychosocial correlates in
teenage girls in the UAE. Methods : Self-reports were obtained from 540 teenage girls using the Adolescent Dieting Scale (ADS), and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ – 20) for psychopathology.
Results : About 16% were
overweight, about 9% were extreme dieters and 38% were intermediate dieters.
The level of dieting showed a strong association with body mass index (BMI)
and SRQ-20 scores > Dieting was more likely in girls who were perceived by
peers or perceived themselves as overweight, those who had dieting friends,
dieting family members or who had obesity in the family.
Conclusion :
Dieting is as common among Arab girls as it is in Western societies and is
influenced by similar factors. Some aspects of dieting among Arab girls are
close to formal eating disorders.
§
MAOI Withdrawal Phenomena in the Elderly - Case Report
/
Walid Abdul-Hamid,
Martin Smith
ABSTRACT:
The authors describe withdrawal symptoms of MAOI in
the elderly. They include depression, agitation, paranoid, delirious and
hallucinatory disorders. Three cases have been illustrated.
§
Beck Anxiety Inventory Symptoms in Arab College Students / lhsan AI-Issa,
Abdulgawi AI Zubaidi, Donald Bakal and Tak S.
Fung
ABSTRACT:
Objectives : The purpose of
this study were to translate the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) into Arabic and
administer the translated version to a group of university students in the
United Arab Emirates. The UAE student responses were compared with those
previously obtained from Lebanese and Canadian students.
Method : The Arabic BAI was
administered to 240 students at the UAE University.
Results : The internal reliability
of the Arabic version of the BAI was found to be similar to that of the
English version reported in the United States. The results extended our
earlier observations in that the UAE students, like their Lebanese
counterparts, scored significantly higher than Canadian students on the BAI.
The higher scores of females than males on the Arabic BAI confirmed the
previous study based on the English version. With the exception of the panic
subscale, the UAE students were generally similar to the Lebanese students in
their responses to the neurophysiological , subjective and autonomic
subscales of the BAI. There were some significant symptoms differences within
the subscales between the UAE and Lebanese students but the reliability of
these item differences remains to be determined.
Conclusion : The study found additional evidence for high levels of
cognitive and somatic symptoms of anxiety in Arab students and indicated the
need for the further study of the origins of anxiety in these individuals.
§
Depression in Elderly Primary Cave Attendees In Bahrain / M.K. AI Haddad
ABSTRACT:
This is a study of depression in elderly patients
attending primary health care in Bahrain. The aim of the study was to
determine the applicability of the Geriatric depression Scale (GDS 15) and
assess the prevalence of depression among the elderly attendees of the
primary health centers. The GDS 15 was used as a screening tool and those who
scored five or more on the Scale were re-interviewed to verify the presence
of depression. Results showed that the GDS 15 was a valid and reliable
tool for detection of depression
and found 23,1% of the study population had depression, females were 2,3 times
more depressed than males, the mean age was 67,76 + 6,36 but no correlation
was found between age and depression. None of the diagnosed depressed
patients were previously identified by the primary care physicians. Lack of
psychiatric training and insufficient time allocated for patients are among
the main reasons for failed diagnosis. §
Possession and Exorcism An Illustrative Case - Case Report / Yahia 0. Younis
ABSTRACT:
It is a common belief in our
culture that jin is the main causative factors in mental disorders. This
leads to apply practices such as exorcism to heal it. A case illustration is
presented and discussed. §
Saudi Medical Students' Opinion of Psychiatry Before and After
Psychiatric
Clerkship
/ Mohammed Alsughayir
ABSTRACT:
Medical
student's attitudes have implications for recruitment into psychiatric
specialty. Efforts to increase the number of psychiatrists entail
understanding how students perceive psychiatry. To study the effect of psychiatric training program on the
attitudes of undergraduate medical students, one year intake of fourth-year
medical students at King Saud University were given an attitude-to-psychiatry
questionnaire before and after their training. After the psychiatric
clerkship there was a significant favorable change in the general attitude in
both sexes which positively correlated with the intention to specialize in
psychiatry. Intention to specialize in psychiatry increased after the
training specially in male students. However there were some reasons against
choosing psychiatry as a future career, reported by a group of students,
including perceiving psychiatry as a social stigma, vague and too
unscientific specialty. The implication of these findings are discussed in
relation of psychiatric training program in Saudi Arabia.
§
Forensic Physicatry in Islamic Law and Sharia / Kutaiba Chaleby
ABSTRACT:
Forensic psychiatry aspects
concerned with various Islamic legal issues is discussed regarding marriage,
divorce and the influence of mental status in various psychiatric conditions. |
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