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THE ARAB JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY Vol. 20, No. 2, November (2009)
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE / ÝåÑÓ ÇáãæÖæÚÇÊ |
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SUMMARY
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The Arab Journal of Psychiatry (AJP) has been printed since 1989. It is owned by the Arab Federation of Psychiatrists. Original scientific reports, review articles, and articles describing the clinical practice of Psychiatry will be of interest for publication in AJP. The articles may be written in English or Arabic but must always be accompanied by an abstract in English and Arabic. All papers are accepted upon the understanding that the work has been performed in accordance with national laws and International ethical guidelines. Manuscripts submitted for publication in the Arab Journal of Psychiatry should be sent to Editor in Chief, Deputy Editor or to Associate Editors. All manuscripts are assessed by qualified international referees.
Dear Colleagues
The Journal is inaugurating its twenty first anniversary with the addition of online website. This, I hope shall enhance the Journal dissemination and its international availability, presence, and recognition. We are still working to accredit the Journal in the known international indices. This can only be achieved by your constant endeavor to contribute to the journal and communicating your feedback. Yours Adnan Takriti § CONTENTS § Papers
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Psychiatric Morbidity and Consultations
among Medical and Surgical Inpatients in a General Hospital in Kuwait Abstract: A number of studies have shown high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among medical and surgical inpatients. However, few inpatients with psychiatric morbidity receive psychiatric consultation. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of psychiatric problems requiring psychiatric consultation among general medical and surgical inpatients and the ratio between number of patients having such problems and those referred for psychiatric consultation. The study included all patients admitted to general medicine and general surgery departments of Farwaniya General Hospital in Kuwait over one month. These patients were screened for presence/absence of clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms, hallucinations, excitement, disorientation, suicidal behavior, and occurrence of psychiatric consultation during their hospital stay. Patients were assessed using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Self Rating Anxiety Scale, and patients’ medical records. Results showed that of the studied 295 inpatients (193 medical and 102 surgical), 122 (41.4%) were found to have one or more of the manifestations of psychiatric morbidity. Clinically significant depressive symptoms were found in 99 patients (35.2%), anxiety symptoms in 24 patients (8.5%), disorientation in 14 patients (4.7%), excitement in 10 patients (3.4%), hallucinations in 6 patients (2%), and suicidal behavior in 8 patients (2.7%). Only 13 patients (10.7% of patients having psychiatric morbidity) were referred for psychiatric consultation. The study concluded that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, especially depression, among general medical and surgical inpatients is high, and a small percentage of inpatients with psychiatric morbidity are referred for psychiatric consultation. Key words: psychiatric morbidity, consultation, medical, surgical, inpatients
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Early Onset Non-Affective
Psychosis: Clinical and Developmental Perspectives Abstract Introduction: Childhood psychosis is a rare disorder with much controversy between studies investigating its clinical features and premorbid function. Data concerning early onset non-affective psychosis is still lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe socio-demographic data, early development, pre-morbid function and clinical characteristics of children presenting with early onset non-affective psychosis. Methods: Forty two Saudi patients with child and adolescent onset psychosis diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were assessed using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS). Developmental aspects and premorbid function were assessed by General Developmental Scale (GDS), Childhood Behavioral Scale (CBS) and Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). All data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The sample included 27 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 10 with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and 5 with acute psychotic episode. 61.9 % of the sample had gradual onset and 38.1% had acute onset. The mean age of onset was 12.3±3.8. Negative symptoms were more manifested than positive symptoms among the whole sample. The most frequently reported positive symptoms were hallucinations (95.2%). Physiological disturbances were relatively common as disturbed sleep (81%), appetite disturbances (28.6%) and impaired sphincter control (14.3%). All schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic children were similar in having impairment in early development and premorbid functions that were significantly correlated with more negative symptoms and younger age of onset. Conclusions: The developmental and premorbid impairments are more emphasized in children with early onset non-affective psychosis and significantly influence the clinical presentation.
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Arabic Contingencies Of Self Worth:
Arabic Translation and Validation of the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale
in Lebanese Youth Abstract Objectives: This research examined the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the 35-item Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSW) in Lebanese youth. The Arabic CSW measures seven domains on which people base their self-worth: Others’ Approval, Appearance, Academic Competence, Competition, Family Support, Virtue and God’s Love. Method: A total of 282 Lebanese university students were administered the Arabic CSW after translation, using back-translation methodology. Lebanese youth were also administered the Arabic Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and the Arabic Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale to assess their relationship to the seven domains of self-esteem. Results: Factor analysis of Arabic CSW resulted in the identification of seven empirically derived and internally consistent factors comparable to those reported for the English version of the measure. Females reported basing their self-worth more than males on academic competence, family support, moral adequacy and religious faith. Also those sourcing their self-esteem on the approval and acceptance of others reported lower self-worth and higher depression. Conclusion: Overall, the findings support the cultural application of the Arabic CSW Scale in the collectivist Lebanese context. KEY WORDS: Arabic Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale, self-esteem, depression, Lebanese university students
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The Borderline Patient: Mental Health
Clinicians’ Experience and Views Abstract: Traditionally training and service planning in mental health were focused on Psychosis, Affective and Neurotic disorders. Recently Personality disorders represent a significant portion of clinicians’ caseload and Mental Health services need to meet their needs. Aim: 1. To examine the adult mental health clinicians’ experience while working with individuals diagnosed with Borderline Personality disorder (BPD) and ways of supporting them. 2. To identify training needs Method: A cross sectional survey of adult mental health clinicians employed by Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (NHFT) Results: 1. Response rate: 69% (185 of 269) including: psychiatrists 40 (85%), community staff 98 and inpatient staff 47. 2. Self-rated ability to diagnose/identify BPD: very good: 19 (10%). Good, 65 (35%), average: 74 (40%) and 19 (10% were unsure and 9 (5%) did not answer. Preferred diagnostic system: ICD-10: 27 (15%), DSM-IV: 9 (5%), clinical sense: 139 (75%) and 9 (5%) did not answer. 3. Working with BPD is experienced as: Enjoyable: 9 (5%), challenging: 111 (60%), stressful: 27 (15%), very stressful: 19 (10%), I hardly like: 9 (5%), no answer: 9 (5%). 159 (85%) agreed that training is needed, 19 (10%) did not agree, 6 (3%) were unsure and 4 (2%) did not answer. Conclusion: The majority of clinicians’ experience managing individuals diagnosed with BPD as challenging and agreed that training is needed.
Critical Review Article
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The use of
psycho-pharmaceuticals to control boys’ behaviour: A tale of badly
behaving drug companies and doctors AbstractThere has been a rapid rise in rates of diagnosis of, and prescription of psycho-pharmaceuticals for, behavioural disorders in children in general, and boys in particular, in North American, North European and Australasian countries. This article concentrates on the evidence base for the prescription of psycho-pharmaceuticals for the two most common of these disorders: ADHD and Autism. The practice of widespread prescribing is based more on successful marketing than scientific evidence. Arab and other non-Western societies can learn from these mistakes and take a more cautious approach before accepting the validity of these diagnoses and the benefits of prescribing medication to ‘treat’ them.
Abstract: It has been a general observation that in many cultures throughout history, the heart has been considered the source of emotions, passion and wisdom. However, scientists in the past emphasized the role of the brain in the head, to be responsible for such experiences. Interestingly, recent studies explored physiological mechanisms by which the heart communicates with the brain, thereby influencing information processing, perceptions, emotions and health. These studies provided the scientific basis to explain how and why the heart affects mental clarity, creativity and emotional balance. Also research indicates that the heart is far more than a simple pump. The heart is, in fact a highly complex, self-organizing information processing centre with its own functional “brain” that communicates with and influences the cranial brain via the nervous system, hormonal system and other pathways. These influences profoundly affect brain function and most of the body’s major systems. In this review, I shall try to summarize and integrate the interesting findings in this area. Electroconvulsive and Neuro-modulation TherapiesEdited by Conrad M Swartz Review by: Mamdouh EL-Adl1* & Sameh Hassan2 This book was first published by Cambridge University Press in 2009 and edited by Conrad Swartz, MD, PhD who is an Affiliate Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University and Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry, Southern Illinois University. Its ISBN 978-0-521-88388-7 with hard cover and its price is £ 50.00 Dear editor The article by Prof. Sami Tamimi, published in this issue, with the title (The use of Psycho-Pharmaceuticals to control boy’s behavior. A tale of badly behaving drug companies and doctors). Prof. Tamimi can be assured that the tale is not taking place in the Arab countries, but I would like to know what Prof. Tamimi thinks of the proper management of severe behavioral problems in Autistic child, and severe ADHD not responding to behavioral therapy. Walid Sarhan - Jordan
Abstract The effectiveness of an adapted version of the Temporal Orientation Therapy (a subdivision of the Cognitive-Linguistic Improvement Program - CLIP) in treating temporal orientation disturbances following brain injury is tested. Thirty brain-injured Jordanian adults served as subjects, 15 as an experimental group and 15 as a matched control group. Pre and Post test was held to all subjects using an original, valid and reliable scale. Statistical analysis included ANCOVA, ETA factor, and Repeated Measures. Results showed significant differences in favor of the experimental group, suggesting a noticeable improvement of the subjects' performances after being trained using the adapted version of the Temporal Orientation Therapy Program.
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Document Code PJ.0135 |
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ÇáãÓÊäÏ PJ.0135 |
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