|
Arabpsynet |
Revues
/ مجلات / Journals |
شبكة العلوم النفسية العربية |
|
|
|
|||
|
THE ARAB JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Vol. 6, N° 2, November (1995) E.mail: takriti@nol.com.jo |
|
||
|
|
|||
|
q
CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE / فهرس
الموضوعات |
|||
|
q
Research Papers §
Group Psychotherapy With Arab Patients / H. AI-Mutlaq K. AI-Chaleby §
Community Care ... Examining
The Trend / M. Nasser §
Psychiatry in Jordan; Past, Present and Future / M. Kamai §
Psychological Aspect of Primary
Fibromyalgia Syndrome / A.
Doughan, M.Bino, J. Kawar & T. Ahmed §
Psycho-Social Adaptation of Saudi
Students and Spouses in Canada /
A. AI-Sabiae, V. F DiNicola §
A Study on Psychiatric Aspects of Migraine /
M. El-Senosy & A. Mobarak §
Benzodiazepines in Developing
Countries: Not for Domination
Yet / A. Osman & S. Ibrahim |
|||
|
q
SUMMARY / RESUMES /
ملخصات |
|||
|
q
Research Papers §
Group
Psychotherapy With Arab Patients / H. AI-Mutlaq K. AI-Chaleby
ABSTRACT : Group
psychotherapy is a modality of treatment in which some patients who
are especially selected are placed into a group guided by a trained therapist,
in order to help affect behavioral change and personality modification. This
is achieved by using a variety of technical maneuvers and theoretical
frameworks. The leader of the group, uses group member's interactions in
order to produce the desired change of goal. The early experiences of Arab
participation within a group has received many disappointments and has
therefore resulted in some therapists discontinuing the practice of this form
of psychotherapy, and relying mainly on individual approaches, instead. Using
the non-directive approach and the permissive attitude of having emotions
expressed freely in the group led to cpnflicts within the patient and between
patients in the group. These were difficult to resolve and ended many times
in an angry withdrawal of some patients and a few divorces within the patient
groups. It is important to identify those aspects that might have a
detrimental effect on the interaction, and thus have a negative effect on
group therapy. Techniques need to be modified in the light of the culture in
order to get an optimum outcome of therapy. The purpose of this presentation
is to identify those characteristics and to delineate the favourable ones and
utilize them in order to achieve the best results possible. §
Community Care ...
Examining The Trend / M. Nasser
ABSTRACT :
The concept of
community psychiatric care emerged in recent years as a revolutionary idea aiming
at the closure of the large isolated mental institutions and the transfer of
care to a locally based accessible and humane environment. The paper reviews
the ideological background to this concept with particular reference to the
impact of the antipsychiatric movement on modern psychiatric practice and the
role of economical and political factors in determining the style of delivery
of psychiatric care. The author describes and attempts to critically evaluate
some of the community programs in this respect drawing on the Italian,
American and British experiences.
§
The Pros and Cons of Community Psychiatric Care: Review from the
British Experience / Walid Abdulhamid
ABSTRACT : Since the
1950s, community care has been a Government health policy in Britain. The
overall aim of this policy was to enable the mentally ill to be treated in
the community near where they live. This aims to preserve their social and occupational skills
and keep them in touch with their social network of friends and relatives. In
spite of these humanitarian aims, community care is facing more and more
criticism from psychiatrists and researchers in the field. This paper aims to
introduce a balanced argument about the research evidence for and against the
wider implementation of community care policies. This is written with the
implications for the mental health services in the Arab World in mind.
§
Psychiatry in Jordan; Past, Present and Future / M. Kamai
§
Hidden and Conspicuous Psychiatric Morbidity in Saudi Primary Health Care (A
Pïlot Study) / E.Al-Fares, A. AI-Hamad & S. AI-Shammari
ABSTRACT : OBJECTIVE :
To estimate the rate of hidden psychiatric morbidity (HPM) among the study
population and to compare the assessment of the primary health care (PHC)
physician with that of the psychiatrist. DESIGN: All patients seen on two weekly sessions were rated by a PHC physician according to a pre-designed 5-point severity rating scale and diagnostic classification. One third of them, selected on the basis of systematic random sampling, were interviewed by a psychiatrist using the clinical interview schedule (CIS). The same diagnostic and severity rating scales were filled by the psychiatrist.
SETTING: A primary
care center in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Participants-114 patients
seen by the PHC physician and 38 of them interviewed by the psychiatrist.
RESULTS : The hidden psychiatric morbidity
(HPM) is high (31%), representing 67% of the total psychiatric morbidity
(46%). This is due to the low identification index of the physician (33%).
The higher the severity of the illness as rated by the PHC physician, the
more likely to be a clinically significant psychiatric case. On the other
hand, the specificity (95%) and predictive value (86%) are high, i.e. he is
likely to be correct when he makes a positive diagnosis.
There is a
significant difference in the ratings of the psychiatrist and the physician,
(McNamar’s test, P< 0,01 ) and the agreement is low, (Cohen’s Kappa =
0,26).
Psychiatric
illness with somatic symptoms constituted the largest proportion of
diagnostic categories as judged by the psychiatrist (31%. 6%). Patients
labeled by the PC physician to have physical illness in a neurotic
personality were usually missed psychiatric cases.
§
Psychological Aspect of Primary Fibromyalgia
Syndrome / A. Doughan, M.Bino,
J. Kawar & T. Ahmed
ABSTRACT : This study was designed to
identify the presence of psychological disturbances in fibromyalgia patients
and to explore the relationship between stress and other psychological
disorders in fibromyalgia patients. Thirty female patients with Primary
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (PFS) and thirty matched normal female controls (NC),
were assessed by using four psychological questionnaires, using the Arabic
Versions of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Spielberger State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory (STAT), the Stress Scale and the Whitly Index (WI)
Hypochondriasis Scale. Results showed that patients with fibromyalgia were
significantly higher in their psychological profiles. This indicates that
those patients were
psychologically more disturbed than the normal controls and they suffer from
neurotic traits such as: anxiety, depression and hypochondriasis symptoms.
Results also revealed a significant relationship between stress and
depression and between stress , and anxiety symptoms among fibromyalgia
patients. §
Psycho-Social Adaptation of Saudi Students and Spouses in Canada / A. AI-Sabiae, V.
F DiNicola
ABSTRACT :
Cultural change is a stressful
process that is associated with higher risk of both mental and physical
illnesses. These associations vary among people where refugees have a higher
risk than immigrants who in turn have a higher risk than sojourners. In this
study we investigated the psychosocial adaptation of Saudi students and their
spouses in Canada. There were (368) potential subjects who received a mailed
out questionnaire that includes questions on demographic data and mode of
adaptation and the (SCL-90-R) to measure psychological disturbances. Response
rate was 55,7%. More male subjects
were involved in formal training and were able to the speak English
language compared to female subjects. About third of the subjects had some
relationship to Canadians while almost all had maintained close contact with
other Saudis. There was reduction in religious observance but not personal
habits and behaviors. Again one third fulfilled the criteria for caseness on
the (SCL-90-R). Differences between males and females were discussed along
with other findings in cultural context.
§
A Study on Psychiatric Aspects of Migraine / M. El-Senosy & A.
Mobarak
ABSTRACT : This study
was conducted on 40 migraine patients and a 40 healthy control group : aiming
to study the psychiatric aspects of migraine. Both groups were subjected to :
A/ Clinical neuropsychiatric
examination ;
B/ Psychometric testing using Bender
Gestalt (BG) ; Trail Making ™
and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) tests.
RESULTS :
(A) The
Clinical evaluation showed that :
1. Emotional
stress, menses, exhaustion and hunger were the commonest precipitating
factors for migraine attacks. 2. The obsessive, independent and alert were the commonest personality traits of patients.
3. The commonest
psychiatric symptoms were depression, irritability, retarded thinking and
anxiety.
4.
Significant relationship was found between severity of migraine and
depression and irritability ; depression being more significant in migraine,
with typical aura familial hemiplegic migraine.
(B)
Psychometric studies showed :
1. The score
of patients were significantly lower in patients than the control group with
regard to BG and TM.
2. Patients
showed higher neuroticism and lower extroversism than the control group on
EPQ.
From this study we can
confirm the importance of psychiatric examination for migraine patients. Also, the result of this study
showed that stresses are the main cause for precipitation of an attack. So
future studies on the biochemical relation between migraine and stress will
help in more understanding of the mechanism of this disorder. §
Detection of Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Profiles in Smokers in Kuwait / A. Lotfy, H. Jazzaf & K. AI-Saieh
ABSTRACT :
A
sample of 100 smokers in Kuwait
was studied for smoking profiles and nicotine dependence. A 15-item American
questionnaire was applied to the sample cases for detection of smoking
cessation. A score
indicative of nicotine dependence
has been recorded by the great majority of smokers. Almost all the sample
members expressed their wish to quit smoking and admitted that they stopped
smoking or tried to do so in the past. The smokers concerns about quitting
and the methods they thought of to help them quit were assessed. Responses of
smokers could serve in predicting physiological discomfort which might
accompany quitting. Moreover, their responses could serve as a cue for
discussing with them how to quit smoking, and at the same time be a predictor
as to their ability to success in quitting. The need to take this information
into consideration while planning for smoking control strategies was then
emphasized. §
Benzodiazepines in Developing Countries: Not for Domination Yet / A. Osman & S.
Ibrahim
ABSTRACT :
Since their
introduction in the 1960s, benzodiazepines (BZDs), have readily gained a wide
popularity and become one of the most widely prescribed psychiatric drugs.
However, they have recently come under a critical reappraisal, on account of
their potential harm if abused, or dependence with long term use.
Consequently, many psychiatrists have become over reluctant to prescribe
these drugs, to the extent that many patients, even those severely anxious,
who will never live normally without BZDs, or a similar substitute have been
refused them. We studied 400 case notes of patients diagnosed as suffering
from anxiety or a related disorder in two different hospitals to find out the pattern of BZD
prescriptions in Saudi Arabia. We found that the pattern is inconsistent and
varies significantly between the two hospitals and not necessarily for
medical reasons. We highlight the danger of such attitudes , and the place of
BZDs in developing countries. |
|||
|
Arabpsynet |
Revues
/ مجلات / Journals |
شبكة العلوم النفسية العربية |
|
|
Copyright ©2003 WebPsySoft ArabCompany,
Arabpsynet. (All Rights Reserved) |