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THE ARAB JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Vol. 7.
No.2, November (1996) E.mail: takriti@nol.com.jo |
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE / فهرس
الموضوعات |
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§
Nocturnal Enuresis and
Psychopathology : Associations in a Community Sample / Harith Swadi q
Review Articles: |
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SUMMARY / RESUMES /
ملخصات |
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§
Psychotherapy of Sexual Dysfunction in Arab Patients ./ Kutaiba Chaleby,
J. Abdul AI- labbar and Mona AI- Sawaf
ABSTRACT : The material in this paper is
based on the experience at a tertiary care general hospital and a major university
medical school in Saudi Arabia. Most of our patients are from middle and
upper middle social classes. Because of the taboo on sexuality in this
culture, female complaints of sexual dysfunction are usually hidden but may
be disclosed fortuitously during marital therapy. More frequently, the male
unilaterally presents with a sexual dysfunction, since he feels it would be
inappropriate for his wife to discuss sexual issues with a stranger. The
treatment should be modified to help the patient achieve the maximum possible
satisfaction in the sexual relationship. While respecting his desire and the
culturally-imposed prohibition on having his wife in the office at the same
time. Conservatism in sexual behaviour has always been a strong factor in
minimizing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and illegitimate
births, and has supported the stability of family life. However, when the
religious and cultural values are misinterpreted or not observed accurately,
the resultant emotional conflict might be presented in the psychiatric clinic
as sexual dysfunction. Commonly encountered types of sexual dysfunction in
Arab culture are mainly (1) low sexual desire, (2) orgasmic dysfunction and
(3) excitement stage disorders. We will discuss each of these, and attempt to
identify the cultural factors that might modulate their presentation and
treatment.
§
Nocturnal Enuresis and Psychopathology : Associations in a Community
Sample / Harith Swadi
ABSTRACT : A community survey of a stratified
sample of 6-12 year old primary school children was carried out in Al Ain
city, UAE using the Parents' and Teachers' versions of the Rutter
Questionnaire for children's psychological health. The results showed that
5,5% had nocturnal enuresis. Those with enuresis were compared to
non-enuretics matched for age and gender. The results showed that enuretics
showed higher rates of behavioural and emotional problems according to both
teacher's and parents' reports. Older children showed higher rates of
emotional problems than younger children. It is concluded that all children
with enuresis should be screened for psychological problems as enuresis is
unlikely to be a solitary problem. §
Involutary versus
Voluntary Patients in a Drug Abuse Treatment Centre in Saudi
Arabia. /
Ahmed Gad, Kutaiba Chaleby and Mousa Camal
ABSTRACT : This study
reviews all patients admitted to Al Amal Hospital, Riyadh, for drug abuse during
one Hegira year. The patients were divided into two groups: voluntary
admissions, and involuntary admissions as committed by the police. The study
was made along the demographic lines to identify the differences between the
two groups. It was concluded that the main differential factors in the
admission being voluntary or involuntary is related to the type of drug used,
the circumstances of abuse, the possible medical consequences to the
abusers and family pressures. The patients with
the highest rate of voluntary admission were heroin addicts, the least were
cannabis addicts. Approximately 60% of the total patients were voluntary
admissions.
§
Substance Abuse
Consultation Rates: Experience from Private practice in Dubai. / Yousreya Amin, Emad Hamdi and Rafia
Ghubash
ABSTRACT :
In a polyethnic sample of 832 consecutive
new outpatients attending a private psychiatric clinic in Dubai, drug and
alcohol related problems were highly represented among nationals. Nationals
constitute around 20% of the general population in Dubai and 47,7% of the
whole patient population of the clinic but constitute 80,6% of all substance
abuse cases. Substance abuse patients were mostly male, younger adults, less
educated and more unemployed than other psychiatric outpatients. The study
confirms earlier observations indicating higher substance abuse among
nationals frequenting psychiatric services. Heroin-related problems are more
common than alcohol-related problems in outpatients. A social causation
hypothesis based on the stresses resulting from major socioeconomic changes
during the latter three decades may explain these findings.
§
Thrihexyphenidyl Abuse : A
Controlled Investigation
Between Users and Misusers. /
Nassem Qureshi, Aladin Alamri, Muzamil Abdelgadir and Esarn El-Harka
ABSTRACT : OBJECTIVE
: This controlled study aim to
identify the socioclinical factors predisposing psychiatric patients to
misuse trihexyphenidyl and to document the extrapyramidal features in both
trihexyphenidyl (Artane) abusers and non-abusers. METHOD : Thirty patients (n=30) with mainly two major functional psychoses and abusing trihexyphenidyl were compared with ninety Artane non-abusers patients (n=90) who were matched both for the diagnosis and treatment. Besides detailed clinical interview, each patient was assessed by using DSM-IIIR croteria, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Simpson and Angus Scale, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Results : Comparatively, trihexyphenidyl abusers were significantly characterized by being ever-married, unemployed, smoking and having past and concurrent history of multiple drug abuse, and genetic loading of mental disorders. Both groups of patients were prescribed antipsychotic drugs and trihexyphenidyl on long-term basis. Besides other socioclinical parameters, premorbid personalities, stressful life events and extrapyramidal symptoms including tardive did not differentiate the two groups. Artane abusers, when compared with non-abusers, were significantly less characterized by negative psychopathology. However, other psychopathological domains including depressive and positive symptoms did not differentiate between abusers and non-abusers.
CONCLUSION : The patients
having these socioclinical profiles tend to develop trihexyphenidyl abuse.
Psychiatrists should not prescribe trihexyphenidyl indiscriminately and for a
long time to such patients, who indeed require long-term antipsychotic
maintenance medications.
§
Public View of the “
Evil Eye " and its Role in Psychiatry A Stady in Saudi Society / Mohammad A. Alsughayier
ABSTRACT : The
"evil eye" concept is one of the traditional ill health
attributions, particularly in the Islamic countries. This study aimed at
gathering information about public knowledge and understanding of the evil
eye. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a random of 500
Saudi individuals from the five areas of Riyadh City (KSA). Two hundred and
eighty five individuals responded (57%), 160 females and 125 males.
Responders seemed to have acquired their knowledge about the evil eye from
multiple sources, including social encounters, prior personal experiences,
books and tapes. Judgment of patients and faith healers, absence of clear
physical causes and poor responses to medical treatment were the main reasons
to attribute a certain illness to the evil eye. Most symptoms attributed to
the evil eye were those of depression and anxiety. Significantly more males
attributed injuries and sexual dysfunctions to the evil eye, whereas more
females attributed dermatological and menstrual disturbances. The study
emphasizes the importance of public
education about the causes, manifestations and
treatment of psychiatric disorder. Further studies in this field are
necessary. q
Review Articles: §
Literature review on Obsessive
convulsive Disorder in Children
and Adolescents. / Aishia
Rahmatolia, Amjad Jumaian and Amer Hosni
ABSTRACT : It was
thought that obsessive compulsive disorder in children is a rare disorder.
But most of research conducted during the last 10 years, found that the
prevalence rate is up to 3% and that
OCD in children and adults are the same also it was found that one
third to one half of adult subjects experience the onset of OCD in childhood
and adolescence. The aim of this review is mainly to focus on various
information available in the literature about OCD in children and
adolescents. The main focus will be on its epidemiology, phenomenology,
aetiology and various treatment methods.
§
The Psychosocial Impact of
Spinal Cord Injury on the Family : Literature
Review / Jamal AI-Smadi, M. Soudi, A. Hadidi, A. Obiedat and Walid Shnaigat
ABSTRACT :
Research concerning the long
term adjustment to a traumatic spinal cord injury, has identified
interpersonal support as an important factor, which is related to a favorable
outcome. The benefits to the patients of a warm and supportive family
background have been recognized, yet there is little data which examines the
reaction of families to spinal cord injury. Two issues emerge. One concerns
the factor of the response of the family, the other concerns the actions
which can be taken on the part of the treatment team. §
Psychological Stressors
for Parents of Visual- Impairment
Children :A Case Study for A Jordanian Clan / Adnan
Omar Atoum
ABSTRACT : The present
study aimed at identifying the sources of stressors for (19) parents of the
visually-impaired children and (20) parents of normal children in a local
clan that has a high percentage of blinds. Results showed that the largest
sources of stressors came from caring for the blind for a long periods of
time and lack of personal reinforcement as a result of such caring. |
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