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THE ARAB JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Vol. 9.
No. 1, May (1998) E.mail: takriti@nol.com.jo |
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE / فهرس
الموضوعات |
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Education: q
Papers: §
Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Among Male
Adolescents in the UAE / Harith Swadi §
Depressive symptoms in a community
sample of UAE Teenage Girls / Harith Swadi, Mona Issa q
Brief Report: |
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q
SUMMARY / RESUMES / ملخصات
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q
Education: §
The Contribution of psychiatry to
the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum:. The Liverpool Experience / M. T
Abou-Saleh
ABSTRACT : This article deals with the
teaching experiences that had been delivered to undergraduate medical
students. They included behavioral sciences, psychiatry, clinical interview
and medical ethics. In addition, psychotherapy psychogeriatrics, learning
disability forensic, child psychiatry and drug abuse it also deals with
evaluation of students and future developments. q
Papers:
§
Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Among Male
Adolescents in the UAE / Harith Swadi
ABSTRACT : To test the
feasibility of screening for depression in teenagers, self-reports of
depressive symptoms were obtained from a community sample of teenage boys in
Al Ain City, UAE. The sample, which consisted of 446 boys provided
self-reports using a translated version of the Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire. Utilizing various cut-off points the sample reported
significant depressive symptoms varying between 9,9% and 30,7%. These rates
were comparable to, or slightly higher than those reported elsewhere in the
world.
The most recent official census
statistics show that young people under the age of 18 form the largest group in the population of the UAE.
The population of the UAE in 1994 was 2,3 million, of which 34% were under
the age of 15 and 57% were under the age of 45. Males represent just under 60% of the population.
Expatriates consist of the total population. In an attempt to plan the
development of psychiatric services for young people, including adolescents,
we needed to obtain an idea of the extent of a number of psychiatric
conditions among this population. Depression among young people had a very
high priority, but little has been done to estimate the prevalence of
depression in community
samples of young people (particularly boys) in the UAE or the Arabian
Gulf area. However there are a couple of exceptions. A sample of female
secondary school students in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates was screened
using the Depression Self-Rating Scale and a 5-item Dysfunction Related Scale
to estimate the prevalence of significant symptoms of depression, and their
personal and social concomitants. Of 505 female students aged between 13 and
18 years, 79 (15,6%) scored above a cut-off point of 14 and reported
depressive symptoms which
were associated with significant
personal dysfunction 3. In
another study the prevalence of depression among 1981 middle-school students (995 boys and 986 girls) in
Kuwait was estimated to be 3,7% in boys and 4,8% in girls.
The ideal
method to estimate the prevalence of depression in a community is a two-stage
design (screening followed by
interviews of samples of high scorers and low scorers). However, this was not the objective of this study.
The primary objective trial to answer a basic question. Does depression among
adolescents in this community justify investigating ? For this reason it was
decided to carry out a screening exercise. This paper reports the main
findings of that investigation. §
Depressive symptoms in a community sample of
UAE Teenage Girls / Harith Swadi, Mona Issa
ABSTRACT : A sample of
female secondary school students in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates, were
screened using the Birleson Depression Self-Report Scale and a 5-item
Dysfunction Related Scale to estimate the prevalence of significant symptoms
of depression, and their personal and social concomitants. Of 505 female
students aged between 13 and 18 years, 79 (15,6%) scored above a cut-off
point of 14 and reported depressive symptoms which were associated with
significant personal dysfunction. Overall 23% reported significant suicidal
ideation. Depression was significantly associated with mixed nationality
marriage, but not with family income, life events or parental loss. The
results indicate that depression among teenage UAE females is not uncommon
and that socio-environmental factors are less relevant aetiological factors.
Young people under the age of 18
form the largest group of the population in the UAE according to the most
recent official census statistics released to the press, but not yet officially
published. In an attempt to plan the development of psychiatric services for
young people , including adolescents, we needed to establish the prevalence
of a number of psychiatric conditions among this population. Depression among
young people had a very high priority. Until now no definite study has been undertaken in the UAE or in
the Arabian Gulf area. Many studies in the same field have been performed in
the western world and do indicate that feelings of misery, unhappiness and
low mood are quite common amongst adolescents. The question of how many would
actually show a depressive syndrome has yielded highly variable rates. The
Isle of Wight study showed that
among 14-45 year olds about 42% of boys and 48% of girls reported significant
depressive feelings, while the prevalence of depressive disorder was about
2%.A more recent UK based study of depressive symptoms among 140 secondary
school students (male & female) aged 12-16 years reported that 5,8% had a clinical diagnosis of
depression. Another UK community study of 1,072 adolescent girls (11-16
years) showed that the prevalence for current major depression (within one
month) was 3,6% in previous years being 6,0%. For partial syndrome the
corresponding rates were 8,9% and 20,7% respectively.
The current study aimed at evaluating the
prevalence of significant depressive symptomatology among a community sample
of UAE teenage girls. This, apart from its epidemiological value had the
added interest of looking at depressive symptomatology in an affluent
community which is often described as free of economically determined adverse
social circumstances.
§
Contracting with deliberate
Self-harm Patients Attending A Psychiatric Emergency Center
/ Hani R- Khouzam, Nashaat N Boutros, Ismail Youssef
ABSTRACT : OBJECTIVE :
To determine the effects of pre-admission contracts in preventing deliberate
self-harm in patients attending a psychiatric emergency unit.
METHOD : Three case studies are
described to illustrate examples of pre-admission contracts in patients with
deliberate self-harm.
RESULTS : The
initiation and maintenance of pre-admission contracts did decrease the
frequency of deliberate self-harm.
CONCLUSION : The
difficulty in managing deliberate self-harm can be minimized by the
initiation of preadmission contracts. To further prove the efficiency of such
contracts more controlled studies are needed.
§
Effectiveness of
Social Skills Training Program for Children with Conduct Problems:. Skill Acquisition / Ahmed Al-Ansari, Ahmed Hafeedh
ABSTRACT : The Social
Skills Training Program (SST) for children with behavioral problems attending
an inpatient/day care program were assessed in terms of skill acquisition.
Eight boys, aged from 10-14, of whom three were attending the inpatient
program and five the day care program, were exposed to 11 sessions of skills
training twice weekly for 6 weeks. The sessions included topics related to
classroom behavior, effective communication, problem solving and coping with
stress. The subjects performance of these skills were measured by parents and
teachers before and after the training period. Both parents and teachers
reported a significant increase in the frequency of use of these skills. The
generalization of these learned skills should be assessed in the future using
a larger control sample.
§
Panic disorder Among Patients Presenting to
Endocrine Clinic with Thyrotoxic
Like Symptoms / A- Khawaldeh, F Haddad, O. Malkawi, T
Ahmad, M. AI-Shobaki
ABSTRACT : A
considerable number of patients who may present with panic like symptoms as
part of anxiety disorders in out patient medical clinics have no organic
basis for their complaints, but it has been established that such patients
are suffering from different types of anxiety and mood disorders.
OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study is to
identify panic disorder among patients presenting with thyrotoxic like
symptoms at endocrine clinics.
METHOD : A comparative
prospective study was conducted at the Endocrine. Clinic at the King Hussein
Medical Center (KHMC). A study group of sixty patients (45 females and 15
males) mean age 32,2 years (17-45), and 40 subjects as a control group (31
females and 9 males) mean age 33,8 years were seen, evaluated and examined at
the King Hussein Medical Center (LHMC) ; test included thyroid ultrasound,
thyroid function tests and test for phaeochromocytoma were negative in all
patients included.
These patients were
assessed by the same specialist psychiatrist using the Arabic Version of
Panic Scale which is derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorder (IV edition).
RESULTS: Fifty out of sixty patients (83,3%) were found to have panic disorder in the study group vs. 16(40%), in the control group (z static = 4,2438 ; p< 0,0003), the majority being females 75% (p< 0,05).
The most frequent
presenting symptoms were shortness of breath in both group (80%, 40%
respectively) , followed by palpitation in study group 73,3%, trembling
(71,7%) and sweating (63%). Lower frequencies were obtained in the control
group. The most severe symptoms were fear of dying, palpitation, trembling
and sweating in the study group, while chills or hot flushes, shortness of
breath and numbness predominated in the control group.
CONCLUSION :
This study
concludes that panic disorder is
rather common in patients presenting to endocrine clinics and therefore such
patients can receive more appropriate diagnosis and management if
collaborative efforts are made by physicians and psychiatrists. q
Brief Report: §
Mental Health Law in Tunisia.: Its Context, Its Characteristics and Its
Repercussions on the Psychiatrics Hospitalization
/
N. Ayadi, A. Jaoua
.
ABSTRACT : The act 92/83 which is concerned with
mental health and the conditions of hospitalization have come about after a
long absence of legislation which lasted for 36 years following independence.
In this article we will be studying the historical, sociological, political
and health factors that influenced the evolution of such an act. Finally, we
will examine the important sections of it and evaluate the impact of such
acts on the practice of psychiatry and patterns of hospitalization. |
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