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The Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry
Vol. 17,
N° 2, July (1994) |
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE |
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§
Hormones in Relation to Female
Psychiatric Disorders / by Mahmoud Sami AbdelGawad
§
Towards a Better Dialogue between Psychiatric Clinical
Practice and Neuroscience Research Information / by Y.E. Rakhawy
§
Psychiatric Aspects
of Child Abuse in Egypt / by Samia AbdelRahman and E.R. Nashed
§
Developmental
Learning Disorders: Current Concepts and Management Strategies / by E. Breger
§
Psychopharmacological
Issues in Young Mentally Retarded Subjects / by M. el Batrawi
§
Tardive
Dyskinesia and Adverse Perinatal Events / by M.H. El-Defrawi and A. Atef
q
Journal
Abstracts
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Thesis Review
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Book Review
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Contents of
the Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry from December 1978 to January 1994
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q SUMMARY / RESUMES |
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§
Hormones in Relation to Female Psychiatric Disorders / by
Mahmoud Sami AbdelGawad
§
Towards a Better Dialogue between Psychiatric Clinical Practice
and Neuroscience Research Information / by Y.E. Rakhawy
§
Psychiatric Aspects of Child Abuse in Egypt / by Samia
AbdelRahman and E.R. Nashed
ABSTRACT:
Child abuse with its subsequent hazards vary from culture to culture.
In an attempt to understand its dimensions in Egypt, we explored this issue
in primary school children. Two
schools were selected, one of a very high social class and the other of very
low social class. A questionnaire
was constructed and self-reported, the essential topics studied were :
parental respect of child’s needs, degree of parental care or negligence,
parental attitude towards child’s behavior, firm aggressive rules in the
family, magnitude of family aggression, parental psychological disturbances
and addiction, predisposing factors, abusing behavior and the possibility of
the child to be a future abuser. The total number of children was 1202 ; 718
from low class schools and 485 from high class school. All forms of abuse
were reported at higher rate of occurrence in low social class than in high
social class. The figures for physical abuse were 32,22% & 12,681, for
sexual abuse 3,42% & 0,62% and for psychological abuse 5,72% & 1,77%
respectively for low and high classes. Searching for etiological components
of this problem, we observed that firm aggressive rules in family and general
aggressive behavior were over-represented in low than in high social class.
Parents of high social class seem to respect their child’s needs more than in
low class and the reverse with parental care. Also, low class families tend
to resort to physical punishment more than verbal ; and the later was preferred
by high social class. These
tendencies were explained as – the rules & low class family
authority/obedience rules, while
in high class family, it is right/wrong orientation. Concerning precipitating
factors ; cruelty was over – represented in both classes ; but more in low
class families, followed by social economic home and work troubles in low
class while parietal problems in high class family.
In the light
of our results, we discussed this problem as it exists in our Egyptian
sample. Also, we discussed the possibility of intergenerational transmission
and the future of these children as
potential abusers.
RESUME.
L’aspect
Psychiatrique de L’Abus des
Enfants en Egypte. L’auteur a exploré l’abus des enfants chez les élevés des écoles primaires. On a construit un questionnaire pour étudier essentiellement : Le respect des parents aux demandes de leurs enfants, le degré de soin ou de négligence, l’attitude des parents contre le comportement des enfants, les règles rigides et agressives dans la famille, le degré de l’agression de la famille, les troubles psychologicaux chez les parents. Le nombre total des enfants était 1202. L’incidence de l’abus physique était 32,22% et 12,681%, l’abus sexuel 3,42% 10,62%, et l’abus psychologique 5,72% et 1,77% selon la classe sociale. §
Screening for Psychosocial Problems among School Children in Ilorin,
Nigeria. Using Parents Self Report / by O.B. Oladapo and O.L. Bolanle
ABSTRACT.
The use of parents self-report
in the assessment of children’s psychosocial or emotional problems is still
very minimal in Nigeria. A controlled evaluation of the psychosocial problems
using the parent’s version questionnaire of the childrens depression scale
(CDS) Lang and Tisher (1983) was carried out on 52 parents of school children
with mean age of 15,3 years, (range 12-16 years) mean years of education of (10,01) in a
local community of Ilorin Nigeria. Subjects were screened as satisfied by
inclusion criteria into experimental and control groups.
Results indicated a partial but
inversely discriminating relationship between the two levels of parents
assessed. Also a substantial discriminating relationship existed when one
compares the self-report of the experimental parents with their children.
Findings were discussed in the light of caution and restraint in the
use of the children depression scale as an instrument for identifying
maladjusted behavior among children in Nigeria.
RESUME.
Ecran
des problèmes psychosociaux parmis les élèves des écoles a Ylorin, au Niger
en utilisant les reports
des
parents
eux-mêmes.
L’utilisation des
reports des parents eux mêmes dans l’évaluation psychosocial des enfants ou
des problèmes émotionnel demeurent très peu au Niger. L’évaluation corolle
des problèmes psychosociaux en utilisant le questionnaire version des parents
sur le scale de la dépression des enfants (CDS). L’étude de lang et Tisher
(1983) a été faite sur 52 parents d’enfants d’école à l’âge moyen de 15,3 ans
(entre 12-16 ans) le moyen des années d’éducation est (10,01) dans une
communauté locale à Ylorin au Niger. Les sujets ont été mise à l’écran comme
satisfaisants en insérant le critère dans des groupes expérimentaux et
contrôles. Les résultats ont indiqué une relation discriminatoire partiale
entre les deux nivaux des parents évalué. Ainsi qu’une relation
discriminatoire substantielle fut existerai en comparer le report des parents
mis en expérience avec leurs enfants.
Les découverts ont été discutés a la lumière du caution et de la défaite dans
l’utilisation du scale de la dépression des enfants comme étant un instrument
d’identification de la conduite male adaptée parmis les enfants au Niger. §
Developmental Learning Disorders: Current
Concepts and Management Strategies / by E. Breger
ABSTRACT.
Learning Disorders occur frequently and are
characterized by inadequate development of specific academic skills not related to mental
retardation, brain damage or socio-cultural deprivation. It appears related to an operational difficulty of the central nervous system in gathering, storing and retrieval of information. A « cybernetic » model lends itself well to understanding these processes. Clinical features, locus of impairment, assessment and treatment are described for each type of learning disorder.
The material characterizes such problems
in ways that increase clinician’s understanding of the variety of
difficulties encountered, making them better able to advise and refer
appropriately.
RESUME.
LES
Désordres Developmentals D’apprendre : Conceptions Curantes et Stratégies de Ménagement.
Les désordres d’apprendre arrivent
fréquemment et sont caractérisés
par le développement inadéquate des talents spécifiques et académiques
qui n’ont pas de rapport a la retardait mental, au défait au cerveau ou a la
dépravation socioculturelle. Ils apparaissent dans l’ensemble reliés a une
difficulté opérationnelle du système nerveux, accumulation et rappelait des
informations. Un modèle « cybernétique » a bien amené lui même a comprendre
ces méthodes. Les images cliniques, les lieux de l’impairement, l’évaluation
et le traitement sont décris pour chaque type de désordre d’apprendre. Le
matériel caractérisé ces problèmes dans des manières qui augmentent le
comprend des cliniciens a des variétés de difficultés inconquérables, tout en
les rendant plus capables a conseiller et a référer plus justement. §
Psychopharmacological Issues in Young Mentally Retarded
Subjects / by M. el Batrawi
ABSTRACT :
62 young mentally retarded institutionalized patients were studied
for their psychotropic medication both cross-sectionally and prospectively
for 10 months. Prevalence of psychotropic use ranged from 19,3% to 23,7% over
the study period. Results of a Self-Injurious Behavior Questionnaire, revealed that patients exposed to
neuroleptics showed significantly more acting out and self-injurious behavior
than those not exposed to such
medication, and that these behaviors remained significantly increased during
the follow-up period inspite of continued neuroleptic administration. Also,
neuroleptic exposed patients differed significantly in IQ and percentage of
physical handicap than their non neuroleptic exposed counterparts. The study
also discusses ethical issues related to the psychopharmacology of the
retarded and suggests recommendations for future research in the field.
RESUME.
Sujets
Psychopharmacologiques Concernant les Jeunes Personnes Mentalement.
Durant 10
mois 62 retardées jeunes patients institués et mentalement retardés on été
étudiés pour leurs médicaments psychotropiques, prospectivement et
transversalement. La prévenance de l’usage des médicaments psychotropiques
varie entre 19,3% et 23,7% pendant la période de l’étude. Les résultats sur
le questionnaire « Self-Injurious
Behavour » ont démontré que les patients qui ont été exposés aux
neuroleptiques démontrent un comportement qui leur fait mal plus qui n’ont
pas été exposés. §
Parental Attitudes Towards Mentally Retarded Children: An Egyptian
Sample / by Tarandil El-Guindy, Sanaa Ahmed, Azza El-Bakry, T.M. Sami and
Amani Abdou
ABSTRACT:
Parental attitudes and
practices have significant effects on the prognosis of mentally retarded
children. 50 mothers and 10 fathers of mentally retarded children completed a
questionnaire of parental attitudes. The most prevalent attitude of mothers
is the equality in treating children while the least attitude is their
stability in treating their children. Fathers are more accepting to their
children. No differences were found in parental attitudes towards the three
grades of mental retardation. Mild negative correlation between mothers,
attitudes and IQ of the child, mild positive correlation with the age of the
child were formed.
RESUME. Les
Attitudes des Parents Contre les Enfants Mentalement Retardés : Une
échantillon Egyptienne.
Les attitudes
des parents et leurs manières ont un effet pronostique significatif pour les
enfants mentalement retardés. 50 mères et 10 pères ont complètes un
questionnaire pour l’attitude des parents. L’attitude le plus prévalant pour
les mères a été l’égalité du traitement des enfants, tannique le moins était
la stabilité du traitement. Les pères ont été plus acceptant pour leurs
enfants. On n’a pas trouvé de différences dans les attitudes des parents pour
les 3 dégrées de retardait mental. On a trouvé une corrélation négative entre
les attitudes des mères et l’intelligence de l’enfant et une corrélation
positive avec l’âge de l’enfant. §
Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
Treated with Different Doses of Low Potency Neuroleptics / by M. Hassib
El-Defrawi and A. Atef
ABSTRACT:
The authors evaluated
neuroleptic-induced extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS) in 61 children and
adolescents over four weeks of treatment. In patients treated with low
potency neuroleptics, EPS was twice as common with higher doses > 300 mg,
(60%) than with lower doses < 299, (26%) mg chlorpormazine equivalents. In
patients who were neuroleptic-free before initiation of drug treatment, EPS
were more than three times as common in higher doses (73%) than in lower
doses (18%). The authors
discusses the implications of these findings and suggests the use of
prophylactic antiparkinsonian agents in combination with higher doses of low
potency neuroleptics.
RESUME.
Les Symptômes
Extrapyramidals Chez les Enfants et les adolescents Traités avec des doses
différentes des neuroleptiques moins puissants.
L’auteur a
évalué les symptômes extrapyramidals induisent par les neuroleptiques chez
122 enfants et adolescents durant 4 semaines du traitement. Les résultats ont
démontré que le pourcentage de ces symptômes (EPS) chez les patients traité
avec les neuroleptiques moins puissantes est relativement haut avec les plus
grande doses. Finalement l’auteur discute les implications de ces
conclusions. §
Reliability and Validity of a Local Classification of Schizophrenia /
by Y. Rakhawy, Sanaa ElSayed, M. Askar, A. El-Rashidi, M. El-Batrawi, A.
El-Bakry, T. Abdel-Gawad, Z. Halim, Soad Moussa and O. ElHattab
ABSTRACT:
In this study an attempt was
made to evaluate the inter-rater reliability and discernment validity of a local
classification of schizophrenia proposed by Rakhawy (1991). A convenience
sample of 94 male subjects with schizophrenia was assessed and the Positive
& Negative Syndrome Scale was used as an external validator.
The proposed classification demonstrated
adequate inter-rater reliability comparable to operationally defined subtypes
as well as adequate discriminent validity i.e. each of the proposed types
qualified as a distinct category. The implications of these findings in
relation to other nosological approaches based on operational definitions are
discussed.
RESUME. La
Fiabilité et la Validité d’une Classification Locale de la Schizophrène.
Dans
cette étude on a essayé d’évaluer la fiabilité et la validité d’une
classification locale proposée par Rahkawy (1991). Un échantillon de 94 mâles
schizophréniques a été évalué, et on a utilisé l’échelle de syndrome positif
et négatif comme validateur external. On a démontré une validité et fiabilité
adéquate pour cette classification. Les implications de ces conclusions ont
été discutés. §
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement
Dysfunction in Chronic Schizophrenics and their First Degree Relatives
/ by M.R. Raslan and M. Shabana ABSTRACT: This study had been done on 15 medicated chronic schizophrenics, 12 of their first degree relatives and 12 normal subjects. Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) study was the target of this work. The results showed that schizophrenics definitely do poorly on this task. Incidence was around 90% on most of SPEM measurement parameters. First degree relatives of schizophrenics showed nearly similar performance to the sample of normal people. SPEM dysfunction in schizophrenics was not correlated to the age of patient, age of onset of illness, duration of illness, nor to the degree of neuropsychological impairment. Various possibility of the interpretation of SPEM dysfunction in schizophrenia was discussed and a conclusion of the selective attention impairment is most probably behind this dysfunction was reached.
RESUME.
Dysfonction du Mouvement Poursuit
Régulier des Yeux chez les Schizophréniques Chroniques et chez
leurs
Parents
du
Premier Degré.
Cette étude comprend 15 schizophréniques
chroniques prenants des médicaments, 12 de leurs parents et 12 personnes
normaux. L’étude de (SPEM) est
le but de ce travail. Les résultats ont démontré que définitivement les
schizophréniques performant mal sur ce devoir, avec une incidence de 90%. Les
parents ont démontré la même performance que les personnes normaux. Il n’existait pas une corrélation
entre la Dysfonction de (SPEM) et l’âge des patient, la durée de la maladie,
ou le degré de la détérioration neuropsychologicale. §
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A Study of Psychological Symptoms in
Relation to Various Disease Parameters / by S. AbdelAzim, S.A. ElBadawy, A.
T.M. Khafagi and A.M. AbdelNasser ABSTRACT: The present study attempted to investigate the correlation of psychological symptoms in RA patients with the different parameters of the disease. The sample consisted of 100 patients, including 60 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 40 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knees as a comparative group, and represented newly diagnosed as well as chronic patients in different classes and stages of the disease. Thorough history taking, examination and investigations were done. The Arabic version of Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was used as a part of the psychological and psychiatric assessment of the patients. The findings showed that disability was the RA disease parameter that correlated mostly with depression, followed by the ESR, disease severity, duration, seropositivity and pain were not significantly correlated with any psychological factor. These findings were discussed in the light of the recent literature.
RESUME.
Arthrites Rhumatoïde (A.R.) : Une
étude des Symptômes Psychologiques en Relation a des Paramètres de
maladies.
L’étude
présente est un essaie pour investisseur la corrélation des symptômes
psychologique dans les patients de l’A.R., selon les différents paramètres de
la maladie. L’échantillon est consisté de 100 patients incluent 60 arthrites
rhumatoïde (A.R.) patients et 40 patients d’osteoarthritis (O.A.) des genoux
comme étant un groupe comparatif. Elle représente les nouveaux diagnoses
ainsi que les patients chroniques dans des classes et des
étapes différents de la maladie., selon les histoires obtenues, l’examen et
les investigations qui ont été faites. La version arabe du symptôme de la
liste du check 90 revissée (SCL90-R) a été utilisé comme étant une partie de
l’évaluation psychologique et psychiatrique des patients. Les découverts ont
démontré que la disabilité était le paramètre de la maladie de l’A.R. qui
corrèle souvent avec la dépression, pourrissons par le ESR sévérité de
maladie. La duration, la sèvre positivité et la douleur n’étaient pas
signifiquement corrélés avec aucun facteur psychologique. Ces découverts ont
été discutés a la lumière de la littérature. §
Tardive Dyskinesia and Adverse Perinatal Events / by M.H.
El-Defrawi and A. Atef ABSTRACT: The authors screened and examined sixty one children and adolescents who were receiving neuroleptic treatment from consecutive psychiatric admissions and psychiatric consultation to psychiatric center for the présence of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) using standartized assessment tools (AIMS and ADS). Assessment was done on more than one occasion and the diagnosis of positive cases of TD was based on TD Research Criteria. Histories of perinatal adversity, developmental milestones and neuroleptic exposure were obtained for both TD and non-TD subgroups. Results showed that twenty present (20%) of the sample received a diagnosis of TD. Patients were more likely to be younger males with previous hospitalization , with longer duration of neuroleptic exposure, have longer duration of maximal dally dose in mg chlorpromazine equivalents, and with history of exposure to adverse perinatal, neonatal events, developmental delays and neurological events, than non TD patients. In a series of multiple regression analyses, only neuroleptic exposure, adverse perinatal and developmental events were strongly associated with TD. The explanations and implications of our results are discussed.
RESUME.
Dyscinetique Tardif et les
Evénements Défavorables Périnatals.
Les
auteurs ont examine 61 enfants et adolescents qui ont pris des neuroleptiques
pour la présence de (TD) en utilisant des moyens d’évaluation standardisés.
Les résultats ont démontré que (20%) ont été diagnoses comme (TD). Il existe
encore une association claire entre les neuroleptiques événements
défavorables périnatals et developmentals. q
Journal Abstracts
q
Thesis Review
q
Book Review
q
Contents of the Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry from December
1978 to January 1994
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| Document Code PJ.0100 |
ÊÑãíÒ ÇáãÓÊäÏ PJ.0100 |
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