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THE ARAB JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY Vol. 20, No. 1, May (2009)
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE / ÝåÑÓ ÇáãæÖæÚÇÊ |
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SUMMARY
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The Arab Journal of Psychiatry (AJP) has been printed since 1989. It is owned by the Arab Federation of Psychiatrists. Original scientific reports, review articles, and articles describing the clinical practice of Psychiatry will be of interest for publication in AJP. The articles may be written in English or Arabic but must always be accompanied by an abstract in English and Arabic. All papers are accepted upon the understanding that the work has been performed in accordance with national laws and International ethical guidelines. Manuscripts submitted for publication in the Arab Journal of Psychiatry should be sent to Editor in Chief, Deputy Editor or to Associate Editors. All manuscripts are assessed by qualified international referees.
Dear Colleagues
We are celebrating the twentieth anniversary of the Arab Journal of Psychiatry, as a biannual Journal. Although the Journal has been facing some difficulties every now and again, but the enthusiasm of colleagues meeting in the 10th pan Arab conference in Cairo last summer, was great, and the efforts are in the way for international indexing of the journal, and the efforts to submit more papers that could lead to more frequent publication of the journal, at least every 3 months. We are in the editorial board country on every one of you to support and contribute in the next phase of our journal.
Yours Adnan Takriti
§ CONTENTS § Papers · Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Lebanon: First Onset, Treatment, and Exposure to War Elie G. Karam, Zeina N. Mneimneh, Hani Dimassi, John A. Fayyad, Aimee N. Karam, soumana, C. Nasser, Somnath Chatterji, Ronald C. Kessler…………………………………………………...……….1 Abstract Background: There are no published data on national lifetime prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in the Arab region. Furthermore, the effect of war on first onset of disorders has not been addressed previously on a national level, especially in the Arab region. Thus, the current study aims at investigating the lifetime prevalence, treatment, age of onset and its relationship to war in Lebanon. Methods and Findings: The Lebanese Evaluation of the Burden of Ailments and Needs Of the Nation study was carried out on a nationally representative sample of the Lebanese population (n = 2,857 adults). Respondents were interviewed using the fully structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Lifetime prevalence of any Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) disorder was 25.8%. Anxiety (16.7%) and mood (12.6%) were more common than impulse control (4.4%) and substance (2.2%) disorders. Only a minority of people with any mental disorder ever received professional treatment, with substantial delays (6 to 28 y) between the onset of disorders and onset of treatment. War exposure increased the risk of first onset of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 5.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–14.1), mood (OR 3.32, 95% CI 2.0–5.6), and impulse control disorders (OR 12.72, 95% CI 4.5–35.7). Conclusions: About one-fourth of the sample (25.8%) met criteria for at least one of the DSM-IV disorders at some point in their lives. There is a substantial unmet need for early identification and treatment. Exposure to war events increases the odds of first onset of mental disorders.
· The Psychology of Media Bias and Its Impact on Arab-American and Muslim Psyche Mohammed K. Hamza, Niveen Yaseen, Ashraf El-Houbi, Betty Duncan, Carlos F.Diaz…………...……18 Abstract Stereotypical degradation and humiliation of minority ethnic groups have been practiced historically by all forms of U. S. media; however, the devastating aftermath of September 11, 2001, heightened the degree of prejudice, discriminatory behavior and misunderstandings, particularly toward Muslims and Arab-Americans. These groups have continued to experience negative societal reactions that run the gamut from suspicion to phobia. This study attempted to determine the extent to which this has affected all members of Arab-American and Muslim- American communities especially children. A survey was conducted to examine American attitudes toward Muslim and Arab-Americans and their potential impact on children’s psyche and well being. Statisti- cal techniques were employed to analyze and summarize responses for each survey question. A chi-square test and logistic regression techniques were used to ascertain if there were significant relationships between response variables and the set of independent variables. The study explored these differences in detail and provides statistical analyses of these findings. · Evaluation of Community Psychiatric-Home Visit Treatment versus Outpatient Treatment of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients in Bahrain. Hussain HAA, Tarada M, Redha M, Sequeira……………………………………………………...………34 Abstract Background: Schizophrenia has a high rate of relapse. Treatment compliance is challenging in the long-term management of schizophrenia. The outcomes of previous studies on Community Psychiatry Service – Home Visit Treatment (CPS-HVT) are inconclusive. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of CPS-HVT in (a) reducing the number of admissions and (b) duration of admissions of chronic schizophrenic patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis by auditing files of all cases of adult schizophrenic patients in Bahrain who underwent CPS-HVT treatment. A total of 10 years follow-up (5 years of outpatient treatment before the referral to the community service and 5 years follow-up in the community service after the referral) was carried out. The number of admissions and the duration of admissions were compared. Results: Of the total number of 232 patients 51 (22%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The sum total of 77 admissions during 5 years before the referral to the CPS-HVT was 2577 days (50.5 d/patient). After the referral to the CPS-HVT the sum total of 48 admissions was 1383 days (27.1 d/patient), and no patient had more than 3 admissions. The number of non-hospitalized patients doubled during the 5 years follow-up in the CPS-HVT (n=13; 4 males vs. n=27; 10 males). The proportion of males was 47.1% (n=24). Conclusions: CPS-HVT is effective and superior to standard outpatient treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients in reducing the number and duration of admissions, in Bahrain. Future studies should evaluate a wide range of other outcomes, including the cost effectiveness of CPS-HVT. Considering the massive impact of community-based care on patients, caregivers, clinicians and the community at large, such studies are urgently needed. · Gelotophobia in the Lebanon: The Arabic Version of a Questionnaire for the Subjective Assessment of the Fear of Being Laughed at Shahe S. Kazarian, Willibald Ruch and Rene T. Proyer………………………………...42 Abstract Objectives: Gelotophobia, a new clinical construct, is defined as the fear of being laughed at and ridiculed and is measured by the GELOPH<15> scale. The present study describes adaptation of the English version of GELOPH<15> to Arabic, using back-translation methodology, and its validation in the Lebanese context. Method: The Arabic GELOPH<15> is administered to a group of Lebanese university students (n=198) to assess its factor structure and to a second group of 60 university students to assess its relationship to the Arabic Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), the Arabic Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, the Arabic Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL). Results: The findings support the internal consistency of the scale and its factor structure as a one-dimensional individual differences phenomenon. The findings also elucidated the relationship of the Arabic GELOPH<15>, and to life satisfaction as assessed by the Arabic Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL). Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that the Arabic GELOPH<15> items are relevant in the Lebanese context, especially those that pertain to the intention of controlling oneself strongly and disengagement from social activities for self-protection from derision. As importantly, the findings are suggestive that approximately 7% of the scores exceed a cut-off point of ≥ 2.50, indicative of at least a slight expression of gelotophobic symptoms. Key words: Gelotophobia, Fear of being laughed at, depression, life satisfaction, humor styles, Lebanon.
§ Medical Ethics · The WPA position statement on the ethics of the use of unmodified electroconvulsive therapy Mohammed T Abou-Saleh, George Christodoulou ………………………………………..…..……57 Abstract This position statement is an addendum to the one on the use and safety of electroconvulsive therapy that was prepared by the Section of Biological Psychiatry in 2004 and was eventually approved by the WPA General Assembly in 20051. § Point of view · George Kelly’s constructs system (Loosening – Tightening) related to his perspective in Psychotherapy? Saad Almoshawah…………………………………………………………….……………….66 · AbstractGeorge Kelly developed a theoretical position which is extended from ontological and epistemological arguments to practical applications in psychotherapy 1;2;3;4 .He presents and elaborates his position at all levels of theoretical discourse in his two volume book, “The Psychology of Personal Constructs”. He calls his philosophical position “Constructive Alternativism”. The personality theory he formulated is called “Personal Construct Theory”. The most popular part of his work is the technique he developed for elicitation of personal constructs, which is called the “Repertory Grid Technique”. Kelly rejects the notion that human psychology can be divided into separate realms. He suggests that personal construct psychology covers both consciousness and unconsciousness. Moreover, he rejects the classical tricotomy of psychology, that is cognition (intellect), affection (emotion) and conation (action). Although his theory is considered by some others as being in the realm of cognitive psychology but he does not accept that, and consider his theory as a theory of personality which is a whole. Indeed, Kelly suggests that there are sub-systems in a person’s psychological space. These sub-systems can be relatively autonomous from each other as the fragmentation corollary suggests. They also evolve through experience as the experience corollary suggests. The purpose of this paper is to examine Gorge Kelly’s theoretical perspective, especially his constructs system (Loosening – Tightening). The article begins with an outline of Kelly’s perspective, and then it discusses constructive alternatives and the loosening – tightening system. 1- THE MIND WITHIN THE NET Models of learning, Thinking and acting Manfred Spitzer
Foundation of Modern Psychiatry in Iraq, Exploring Personal Archives Maha Suliaman Younis……………………………..………………………………………78 Abstract This report aims to explore the beginnings of modern psychiatric services through scrutinizing the life profile of the pioneer psychiatrists in The Kingdom of Iraq. Data was collected from the personal archive primarily together with personal interviews with some contemporary physicians and patients and scares documents. Its realized by this study that the pioneer psychiatrists were the cornerstones of mental health establishments around the twentieth century through their contributions in government and private health centers ,also it showed that the personal archives can be helpful in analyzing the cultural atmosphere through historical facts .
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Document Code PJ.0135 |
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ÇáãÓÊäÏ PJ.0135 |
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