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The Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 19, N° 1 and 2, January & July (1996) www.imhotep.net\EPA.htm |
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CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE |
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§
Social Psychiatry: (Part I) / by Mahmoud Sami AbdelGawad
§
Recent Development in the Uses and Abuses of Traditional
Healing of Psychiatric Patients in Egypt and the Arab World. / by Y.T.
Rakhawy
§
Heroin Addiction: Physical and Social Implication / by
T.M.S. AbdelGawad and M.I. Osman
§
Smoking Among Students of Suez Canal University / by Fatma
A.A. Hassan and M. Hassib El-Defrawi
§
(Aspects of Somatisation in Bahraini Patients / by M.K. Al
Haddad and Charlotte Kamel
§
Delusional-Nondelusional Dichotomy in Major Depression /
by M.Farid, R.Aljamal and A.Fawzy
q
The Arabic Version of
DSQ-40:
§
I-A Study of Ego Defenses in Medical Students / by Hana’a
Soliman
q
Journal Abstracts
q
Thesis Review
q
Book Review |
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q SUMMARY / RESUMES |
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§
Social Psychiatry: (Part I) / by Mahmoud Sami AbdelGawad
§
Recent Development in the Uses and Abuses of Traditional Healing
of Psychiatric Patients in Egypt and the Arab World. / by Y.T. Rakhawy
§
Early Vs Late-Onset Depression A Clinical Study / by Samia A. Rahman, Zeinab
Sarhan, Azza El-Bakry, T.M.S. AbdelGawad and M. Shahhen
ABSTRACT :
A group of patients with unipolar major
depressive illness (n=88) was studied to clarify the concept of early and
late-onset depression. Results showed that older age was associated more with
higher incidence of double depression and psychotic features, while
early-onset depression was more associated with suicidal and obsessive
symptoms. Social evaluation of both groups showed higher incidence of
persistent stressors and early unfavourable family and home atmosphere for
the early-onset group, but recent stressors were more pronounced in
late-onset group. No significant difference was found between both groups as
regards personality make up or adjustment scale scores.
RESUME.
Début
tôt de dépression contre début tard une étu de clinique.
Un
groupe de 88 patients souffrants d’une trouble unipolaire de dépression
majeure a été étudie pour clarifier le concept de début tôt et tard de
dépression. Les résultats ont démontré une fréquence plus élevée de double
dépression avec des traits psychotiques dans le groupe des plus âges. Tandis
que la maladie du groupe de dépression de début tôt a été associée avec des
symptômes obsédantes et suicidaires.
L’évaluation sociale des deux groupes a démontré une fréquence plus
élevé dépression continuelles, ainsi qu’un air familial défavorable dans le
groupe de dépression de début tôt. Tandis que la fréquence des pressions
nouvelle est plus élevée pour le groupe de dépression de début tarde. §
Comorbidity of
Substance Abuse / by V. Mikhael, Ehssan Fahmy, A. Salama, A. Mouneer and M.
AbdelSabour ABSTRACT: 75 addicts and 100 non-addictive psychiatric male patients (control group), were randomly selected and interviewed repetitively before during & after hospitalization, and only 68 addicts and 88 psychiatric control group fulfilled our inclusive criteria. We performed a semistructured interview and they were diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Serological studies for HIV and HCV were compared between the two groups. Results suggest the correlation between substance abuse and different psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders both as an etiology to, or a result of addiction. It proved also exhibited the significant relation between personality disorders, borderline, antisocial and dependent types and substance abuse. Suicide was found to be as high as among other psychotic patients. Serological tests showed high prevalence of HCV infection among addicts whether injectors or non-injectors. HIV test was negative in all our cases. Education and preventive measures are adviced and good psychiatric diagnosis of cases of substance abuse is recommended for better management and better prognosis.
RESUME.
La
Comorbidité des remèdes abusé.
Cette étude déclare que chez
les adonnés il y a une augmentation signifiante concernant les maladies psychiatrique
en général, les troubles de personnalité spécialement, et aussi les maladies
d’immunités en comparent des autres maladies psychiatriques. §
Heroin
Addiction:
Physical and Social Implication / by T.M.S. AbdelGawad and M.I. Osman
ABSTRACT:
Literature concerning the
problem of drug addiction revealed a wide range of multifactorial facets to
the problem. The purpose of this study is to look for the possible
association between the intake of heroin and the extent of the physical and
social sequale in an Arab society.
A
selected sample of (n=45) inpatient heroin addicts were assigned to the trial
after their detoxification period. Only (n=25) completed the trial after
being submitted to the following investigations : WHO drug dependent
evaluation, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Complete urine screen
for drugs of abuse as well as HIV screen and Hepatitis C virus antibody test.
The statistical results suggested significant association between «
Marital Status & Employment Stability » with P < 0,0005 ; also between
« Heroin recent use and Hepatitis C antibody diagnosis » with P < 0,05.
Possible association might exist between « Age at first use and psychiatric
diagnosis », as anxiety is more prevalent among individuals who start using
at older age. No other correlation proved to be of statistical significance.
RESUME.
Dépendance d’Héroïne au point de vue physique
et social.
Cette étude discute
les effets psychologique et physique en cas dépendance de Héroïne sur 45
malades Saudien. §
Smoking
Among Students of Suez Canal University / by Fatma A.A. Hassan and M. Hassib
El-Defrawi
ABSTRACT:
A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the
percentage of smokers among students of Suez Canal University schools in
Ismailia, Suez, Port-Said and
El-Arish cities. It aimed also to find out the associated risk factors of
being current smokers, to determine the percentage of students who live with
smokers, and to determine the percentage of current non smokers who intend to
be smokers in the future. One thousand and 503 students out of 12312 were selected as a systematic random sample from alphabetically ordered lists to detect a smoking prevalence of 20% at 95% confidence level.
A questionnaire was used to collect data about socioeconomic status of
students, being smokers or not, type of cigarettes they smoke, factors that drove them to smoke, how much
they spend in buying cigarettes and the source of that money. It was also
inquired about the future intention to smoke among current non smokers and
what would drive them to be smokers.
Seven hundred
and 25 students answered the questionnaire. The mean of their ages in years
was 20,4 + 1,7. The percentage
of current smokers was 12,7. The mean age in years among smokers was 20,9 +
1,8. It was 20,4 + 1,6 among
non-smokers. Among male students
(n=435) 19,5% were current
smokers. Among female students (n=290) 2,4% were current smokers.
Fifty-five percent of smokers were living in urban areas and 80% of them
living with smokers. The mean payment for cigarettes was 1,7+ 1 Egyptian
pounds. Seventy-six percent of smokers used their pocket money to buy
cigarettes. Thirty-six of the smokers started smoking just to try (39,1%).
The following factors were given as causes for continuing smoking ; habit
(40,2%), frustrations (22,7%) and failure to quit (22,8%). While 71,4% of
smokers knew exactly the hazards of smoking 94,6% thought they knew all the
hazards. Thirty-six (5,8%) out of 620 non-smokers intended to smoke in the
future. There would be around 700 future smokers among students. Three
hundred and 71 (52,9%) out of 701 students lived with cigarette smokers who smoked in average 21+17
cigarettes par day for at least 10 years. There is a need for an educational program that help smokers to quit and non-smokers not to start. In depth research for the passive smoking problem and to find out the attitudes of the active smokers towards the right and the need for non-smokers for clean environment from cigarette’s smoke.
RESUME.
Fumigation
parmi les étudiants de l’université de Canal El Suez.
Une étude surveillance a été
conduite pour déterminer le pourcentage de ceci qui fume parmi les étudiants
de l’université du Canal, les élèves de l’école a Ismailia, Suez, Port-Said
et El.Arish et aussi pour déterminer les facteurs liés au fumégation. §
Aspects of Somatisation in Bahraini Patients / by M.K. Al Haddad and Charlotte Kamel
ABSTRACT:
This is a descriptive study designed
to examine aspects of somatisation
in a sample of Bahraini population. The study subjects included 99
patients attending general & psychiatric hospital outpatient departments.
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Bradford Somatic Inventory
(BSI) were used as psychiatric tools. Psychiatric morbidity was found to be
19,4% in Ggeneral Hospital patients.
Clusters of symptoms were grouped together and given the name of the
predominant symptoms and labelled factors. These were later compared to
corresponding results of similar studies. Somatisation was found to be more frequent in housewives of 20-30 years of age and with minimal education.
RESUME.
L’aspect somatique chez les malades Bahrainiens.
L’objet de cette étude
est d’évaluer les aspects des symptômes physique chez Bahrainiens.
Le recherche a été
faite sur 99 malades fréquentées régulièrement au département de psychiatrique et le département général. §
Somatic
Presentations of Psychiatric Illness in Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic in
Jeddah / by Magda K. Fahmy ABSTRACT: This study assesses the nature of psychiatric disorders in 50 persistent somatizers (30 females and 20 males), aged between 20-45 tears old and referred to outpatients psychiatric clinic in a general private hospital in Jeddah, over a period of 3 months. The somatic symptoms of all persistent somatizers proved not to have any organic basis, and all received medical care during the last 6 months, and showed either minimal or no improvement regarding their somatic symptoms. All of the 50 patients had received a psychiatric diagnosis. Only 4% of this clinic sample fulfilled the DSM III-R criteria for somatoform disorder. The most frequent diagnosis was depression (34%), then anxiety disorders (30%). Sixteen per cent had adjustment disorder and only 2% were schizophrenic. Women with somatization tended to be more illiterate, culturally deprived and depressed. Thirty two per cent had DSM III-R personality disorders. So, persistent somatization is associated with a heterogenous psychiatric diagnosis and different personality disorders.
RESUME.
Les présentation somatiques de maladies
psychiatrique chez les patients visitant régulièrement les clinique
psychiatrique a
Geddah.
Cette étude cherche la nature des
symptômes somatiques au point de vue psychiatrique chez 50 patients âgées
entre 20-45 ans souffrant de symptômes somatique et referont au clinique de
psychiatrique a l’hôpital du Geddah Saoudien.
Les résultats ont montré que
toutes ses symptômes sont présentés plus que 6 mois, toutes les patients on
traité avec des remèdes. Mais condition n’est pas improuvé.
Les patients sont
diagnostiqué, selon DSM III-R dépression, anxiété, mal adaptable désordre et
personnalité désordre ainsi que cette étude a montré qu’il y a une relation
signifiante entre les symptômes somatiques, le type de dépersonnalisé et le
degré d’éducation. §
Delusional-Nondelusional
Dichotomy in Major Depression / by M.Farid, R.Aljamal and A.Fawzy
ABSTRACT:
Whether delusional depression
represents the most severe form of an endogenous depression or is a discrète
disease entity is an unsettled issue. Recently, considerable attention has
been paid to psychotic or delusional depression, and there have been
suggestions that it should be seen as a distinct clinical subtype of major
depression. This study was designed to investigate such distinction through studying some clinical and psychosocial factors in 62 outpatients suffering from major depression and classified as delusional (13 patients) Vs non-delusional (49 patients).
The response to tricyclic antidepressants, the consistency in the
delusional evolution from episode to episode, family history of major
depression and the degree of social and overall functioning were found in
this study to suggest that delusional depression might best be considered a
separate nosologic entity. Further studies comparing delusional with
nondelusional depressedpatients is necessary to make this distinction more
valid.
RESUME.
Dépression majeur avec délire et dépression
majeur sans délire.
Cette étude essayé de
trouver les différences qui se présente entre une groupe des malades
souffrant de majeur dépressif et une autre groupe des malades souffrant de
majeur dépressif avec délire sans délire et ceci, au point de vue de
l’importance diagnostique, clinique et thérapeutique. §
Demographic
Study and Personality Assessment in Parasuicide in Sharkia / by R.R.
AbdelLatif, A.M. Khashaba, M.M. El-Maghraby, H.El-Amin and Eman R. El-Safy
ABSTRACT:
This work was conducted with
aim of studying some demographic profiles in addition to personality
assessment in parasuicide. 60 subjects who attempted suicide were collected from
both causality department and psychiatric outpatient clinic in Zagazing University Hospital within two years
period (From Oct. 1993 to Sept.1995). Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ)
for personality assessment and scale for risk assessment in attempted suicide
were used, in addition to thorough history taking. The results revealed that
suicidal attempts were more encountered among single subjects and separated
spouses. Also, attempters were usually under 30 years old and living in urban
areas. Both high and low risk groups scored pathological levels on anxiety,
depressive, obsessive and somatic scales of MHQ. Only, as regard the phobic
scale, the low risk group scored pathologically. Unexpectedly hysterical
traits were found to be inversely proportionate with suicidal risk.
RESUME.
Etude
démographique et évaluation de personnalité sur l’attention de suicide au
gouvernera du Charkaya.
Cette étude discuté les facteurs
démographique et aussi psychologique sur 60 malades (tenter de se suicider),
et aussi, cette étude essaye de démontrer qu’il y a des différences
remarquable entre les groupes divisées au sujet de danger et le sévèrement. §
The Psychological
Outcome of Therapeutic Abortion in Rural Egyptians / by M. El-Maghraby, R. R.
Abdellatif, A.M. Khashaba, H. M. El-Amin and M.A. Kotb
ABSTRACT:
The aim of this work was to
address the simple question that has generated recently the most research interest,
what are the psychological sequelae of therapeutic abortion ? This study was
done on 40 women admitted to Zagazing University Hospital for therapeutic
abortion & on 60 women attending to Z.U.H. asking for abortion without
any cause (control group). The arabic version of P.S.E. & PSE catego
computer program were applied before & after abortion by about 8 weeks,
in addition to special sheet for sociodemographic & obstetric data. The
results revealed a predominance of neurotic disorders in the form of neurotic
depression and anxiety states before abortion, also, 8-weeks after abortion
the fall in total cases was largely observed. Both before and after
therapeutic abortion, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison
with those in the control group.
RESUME.
Les
Conséquences psychologues de thérapeutique abortion chez les femmes
égyptiennes habitant les villages.
Cette étude essaye de comparer et ainsi
que déclarer les symptômes psychologiques précipitée par l’abortion
thérapeutique et les symptômes psychologiques précipitée par l’abortion en
général (non thérapeutique). §
Brain Electrical Activity
Mapping in Schizophrenic Patients / by A.M. Khashaba, E.R. El-Safy, H.M.
El-Amin and H.M. Abou-Hashem
ABSTRACT:
This study was carried out in
Zagazing University Hospital on
10 acute schizophrenic patients with duration of illness (6-months-2 years),
10 chronic schizophrenic patients with duration of illness (3-7 years) and 10
healthy persons as control group, patients were free from medication at least
2 weeks before their study, all were free from neurological medical
disorders, or psychotropic medication.
All subjects
were subjected to full psychiatric history including DSM-IV criteria for
diagnosis of schizophrenia and mental state examination, full medical and
neurological examination to exclude organicity EEG mapping using the neurometric EEG feature extraction methods.
Our
study revealed that schizophrenic patients (both acute and chronic) showed
statistically significant increased relative power in delta, thêta and beta
frequency bands and statistically significant decreased relative power in
alpha frequency band when compared to control.
Chronic
schizophrenic patients showed that increased frontal delta, theta and beta,
central theta, temporal theta and beta, occipital beta and relatively
increased alpha frequency bands while acute schizophrenic showed that
increased central delta and beta, parietal theta, temporal and significant
decreased alpha band.
Schizophrenic patients showed statistically significant increased
F7-F8, F3-F4 coherence in alpha band, increased T5-T6 coherence in delta band
and increased O1-O2 in delta and beta bands when compared to control.
Also
there are significant differences between acute and chronic schizophrenics in
interhemispheric coherence, as increased F7-F8 coherence in alpha band, T5-T6
in delta band, O1-O2 in delta and beta bands were most marked in chronic
patients.
While
increased coherence of F3-F4 in alpha band was most marked in acute patients.
RESUME.
L’activité
du cerveaux électro-physiological chez les schizophrénies.
Une
comparaison a été faite sur 30 malades schizophréniques (diagnoses celons
DSM-IV) et 10 normal volontaires pour comparer les changements de l’activité
du cerveaux chez les 2 groupes, et les résultats ont soulignés de
signifiantes différences entre les deux groupes. §
Platelet
Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorders / by A.Mubarak, G. Shammah, A. El Dod, E. Gad and A. Foda
ABSTRACT:
Platelet monoamine oxidase «
MAO » activity was studied in 20 children diagnosed as having attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 15 healthy children as control.
The aim of
this study was to find out any correlation between platelet MAO activity and
symptomatology of ADHD which may help in evaluating the use of platelet MAO
as an objective biochemical tool in the diagnosis of such common childhood
psychiatric disorder. Result : The results of this study demonstrated significantly lowered platelet MAO activity in children with ADHD than control cases. Also multiple regression analysis of the effect of symptoms and age on the platelet MAO « dependent variable » showed that the combination of age, impulsivity, overactivity and disturbing other children are of significant « though different » effect on the level of platelet MAO activity. These results raise the suspiciousness of the biochemical heterogenicity of these symptoms ; a conclusion that should be confirmed by future studies.
RESUME.
L’étude
de l’activité de l’enzyme oxydase qui se trouve au sang chez les enfants
ayant le diagnostique de déficit de l’attention et hyperactivité.
Cette étude souligne qu’il y a une
relation signifiante autre l’activité de cette enzyme elles symptômes qui se
trouvent chez ses enfants, et les résultats a démontré qu’il y a diminution
signifiante a l’activité de l’enzyme (MAO) chez ses enfants. q
The Arabic Version of DSQ-40:
§
I-A Study of Ego Defenses
in Medical Students / by Hana’a Soliman
ABSTRACT:
In this work, the Arabic
Version of Defense Style Questionnaire-40, a selfrating questionnaire for the
assessment of ego defenses is presented. The ego defenses used by a random
sample of 64 medical students were studied. The lowest scores were obtained
on more pathological defenses (projection, passive aggression, displacement,
dissociation and denial) ; while the highest scores were obtained on items
measuring mature defenses (anticipation, altruism, suppression and
rationalization). Cluster analysis classified the subjects into two groups
with the first (N=21) using more immature defenses than the second
(N=43,67%). The defense style used by females was significantly different
from that of the males, with the former using more suppression, somatization,
reaction formation, and less acting out, denial, dissociation and
rationalization than the latter. The implication of the results for research
in psychotherapy are discussed.
RESUME.
La version Arabe de « DSQ-40 » une étude des
défenses de l’ego chez les étudiants médicaux.
Dans ce travail on a présenté la version
Arabe des défenses de l’ego « DSQ-40 » pour l’évaluation de ces défenses. Les
défenses de ces défenses. Les défenses de l’ego utilisés par 64 étudiants
médicaux ont été étudié. Les implications des résultats sur le recherche de
psychothérapie ont été discutées. §
Female Circumcision in
Ismailia A Descriptive Study / by M. Hassib El-Defrawi, G. Lotfi, H.
Elmetwally Megahed and A.A. Sakr
ABSTRACT:
Two
hundred circumcised married women were randomly selected from those attending
the family planning centers of the ministry of health in Ismailia and were
compared to a control group randomly selected from noncircumcised women. More
than Two thirds of the circumcised women were from rural and one – third from
urban population. Both groups were examined gynecologically and for the
circumcision group, the degree of circumcision was assessed, further, they
were interviewed to obtain psychosexual data using the Sexual Behavior
Assessment Schedul-Adult (SEBAS-A).
Our results revealed that while female circumcision was homogeneously
distributed in rural (27,5% and 41%) vs urban (31.5%), the highest percentage
of uncircumcised women were from
Ismailia city (71%, *2=42,6, P< 0,001).
Circumcised women suffered more
from dysmenorrhea (68,5% vs 52,0%, P < 0,05), complications of delivery
(P< 0,05), dyspareunia (41,5% vs 29%, P, 0,05) lack of sexual desire
(41,5% vs 26% P < 0,05), loss of sexual enjoyment (44% vs 23%, P<
0,001), and experienced less orgasm (41,5% vs 29% P< 0,05), than
uncircumcised women. However, significantly more circumcised women were
inclined and intended to circumcise their daughters in the future (41%) than
uncircumcised women (22%, P< 0,001). Our data suggest that the longtudinal transmission of such
phenomena should be disrupted through organized programs directed towards
young females.
RESUME.
Une étude descriptive sur la circoncision féminine
au Ismailia.
Parmi les femmes consultant des centres de maternité
et gynécologiques deux groupes ont été choisi par hasard (un groupe avec 200
femmes circoncises et un autre groupe avec 100 femmes non-circoncises) et ont
passé un examen gynécologique et un entretien psychiatrique afin d’évaluer
des informations psychosexuel à l’aide de bilan (sexuel behaviour évaluer
schedul (Adult SEBAS-A).
Le résultat a démontré que les femmes
circoncises se trouvent en grand, pourcentage aux villages et elles ont
beaucoup des problèmes gynécologiques. q
Journal Abstracts
q
Thesis Review
q
Book Review |
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| Document Code PJ.0103 |
ÊÑãíÒ ÇáãÓÊäÏ PJ.0103 |
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