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The Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry

Vol. 20, N° 1, January (1997)

www.imhotep.net\EPA.htm

 

q        CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE

 

§          Social Psychiatry: (Part II) / by Mahmoud Sami AbdelGawad

§          Insight and Judgement in Psychiatric Practice / by Y.T. Rakhawy

§          The Concept of Schizophrenogenic Parents in Hebephrenic Schizophrenia / by El-Sayed A. Gad, Ehsan M. Fahmy, V.S. Mikhael and N.M. Rashed

§          Role of Traditional (Religious) Healing in Primary Psychiatric Care in Sharkia / by H.M. El-Amin and A.R.  Ahmed Refat

§          Psychosocial Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / by M. Mubarak and G.Shamah

§          Maternal-Child Relationship and Psychosocial Development of Thalassaemic Children / by U.R. El-Safy, Eman R. El-Safy, Mervat A. Hisham and Azza A.M. Khalil

§          Clinical and Psychometric Study of Cognitive Functions in Epilepsy of Primary Origin / by A. El-Behary, M.N. Tarhan and W. Hassan

§          (The Arabic Version of Defense Style Questionnaire-40. II- Defense Style in Major Depressive Disorder / by Hanaa Soliman

§          The Arabic Version of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory: Reliability, Validity and Findings in Three Groups / by Wafaa E. Haggag and Hanaa Soliman

§          Using Brain Mapping in Comparative Study Between Demented Patients, Normal Elderly Subjects and Normal Young Subjects / by M.M. El-Maghraby, H.M. El-Amin, Eman R. El-Safy and M.G. Abdel-Ghany

§          Social Competencies, Behavioral, Psychological and Cognitive Correlates in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis / by M. Hassib El-Defrawi, Salma El-Gandour Amin, A.E. Zeitoun and H.A. Ragab

§          Comorbidity of  Somatoform Disorders / by Hanaa Soliman

§          Panic Disorder: Electroencephalographic and Echocardiographic Study / by A. Mubarak, A. El Dod and N. Shaaban

§          The Suez Canal University Neurodevelopmental Scale (SCUNDS) for Assessment of Infant and Children From 0-36 Months / by M.H. El-Defrawi, Salma EL-Ghandour, A. Atef and Sonia G. El-Sharkawy

 

q       Journal Abstracts

q       Thesis Review

 

q       SUMMARY / RESUMES

 

§         Social Psychiatry: (Part II) / by Mahmoud Sami AbdelGawad

 

§         Insight and Judgement in Psychiatric Practice / by Y.T. Rakhawy

 

§         The Concept of Schizophrenogenic Parents in Hebephrenic Schizophrenia / by El-Sayed A. Gad, Ehsan M. Fahmy, V.S. Mikhael and N.M. Rashed

ABSTRACT:   The literature is contradictory regarding the parents of schizophrenics. This study is a trial to discuss the concept of schizophrenogenic parents in cases of hebephrenic type and their impact on different sex patients. From Benha hospital for mental health and Benha University hospital, fifty cases of hebephrenic schizophrenia, thirty cases of schizophrenia other types than hebephrenic, thirty cases of generalized anxiety  disorder and thirty persons (volunteers) without psychiatric disorders (working at the same hospitals were selected according to inclusive criteria. Parents of all types were followed up over the period from 1992 till the end of 1994 in regular individual as well as family meetings. A semi-structured interview was performed and MMPI was applied to all parents. Comparison between results of the four groups as well as between results of male and female cases of hebephrenic schizophrenia proved some important findings. The study emphasized the important role of parents in unfolding the psychotic process in schizophrenia. The study proved that same sex parent has more important role in determining psychopathology. Personality of parents, parental interaction and parent-child relationship may determine the symptoms of schizophrenia and so its type. The authors recommended studying siblings also as parents represent only one aspect of family dynamics and considering genetic factors also in further study to determine what is inherited genetically and what is acquired (socially inherited) during upbringing of schizophrenic patient.

            RESUME. Le Concept  des parents Schizophrénogeniques chez les Malades Schizophrènes du type                        hébéphrénique.

    La littérature sur les parents de schizophrènes est contradictoire. 

    Cette étude a essayé de discuter le concept de parents schizophrenogéniques en cas d’hebephrenie et leur impact sur les malades des sexes différents. A l’hôpital psychiatrique et l’hôpital universitaire de Banha, 50 cas de schizophrénie du type hébéphrénique, 50 cas de schizophrénie d’autres types, 30 cas d’anxiété générale et 30 volontaires sans maladie psychiatrique ont été choisis. Leurs   parents ont été suivis depuis 1992 jusqu’à la fin de 1994. Une interview semi-structuré et l’examen de MMPI ont été conduits. Cette étude a souligné le rôle important de parents dans la dévaluation du processus psychotique. Le parent du même sexe joue un rôle plus important dans la formation de psychopathologie. La personnalité des parents, leurs interactions, et le rapport entre les parents et leur élever déterminent les symptômes et, par conséquent, le type de schizophrénie. Les auteurs recommandent d’étudier aussi les frères et sœurs des malades et de considérer les facteurs génétiques pour déterminer ce qui est hérité et ce qui est acquis pendant le processus d’élever le malade schizophrène.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Role of Traditional (Religious) Healing in Primary Psychiatric Care in Sharkia / by H.M. El-Amin and A.R.  Ahmed Refat

ABSTRACT:   This work was conducted with the aim of studying the role of traditional (religious) healing in primary care of psychiatric disorders in Sharkia.

       196 patients who were attending to a famous sheikh in Sharkia for religious healing were examined. This study covered a period of 3 months, the first month for new patients and the other two for follow up cases of the majority of patients were young age groups, illliterate or low educated, females more than males. Among all patients, there was a large number of psychiatric patients, because social and religious beliefs have a powerful influence which is stronger than civilization and till now there are inadequate psychiatric services and people fear from stigma of mental illness.

       On the other hand, religious healers may improve some psychiatric disorders such as dissociation & conversion disorders, adjustment disorders and sexual disorders in males methods used by these healers appear to be related to suggestibility and some sort of cognitive therapy.

RESUME. Rôle de la Guérison Traditionnelle (Guérison Religieuse) dans le soin  Psychiatrique Primaire au Sharkia.

       Le but de ce travail est d’étudier le rôle de la guérison traditionnelle (Guérison Religieuse) dans le soin primaire des désordres Psychiatrique au Sharkia.

       On a examiné 196 patients qui ont été allé chez un Cheikh bien connu au Sharkia pour la guérison religieuse. Cette étude a été terminée en  3 mois. La majorité des patients sont des jeunes femmes qui sont illettrées. On a trouvé aussi que la guérison religieuse peut aider quelques patients psychiatrique (par exemple : Ceux de la dissociation, et des désordres sexuels).

 Retour en haut

 

§         Psychosocial Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / by M. Mubarak and G.Shamah

ABSTRACT:   Twenty children with ADHD compared with 15 control cases « matched by age and sex » were studied clinically by semistructured interview of the children and their parents and psychometrically using WISC and Conners scale.

The aim was : a) to find out the role of psychosocial factor in the pathogenesis of such disorder

                           b) the relation of severity of symptoms to age and I.Q.. This may help in proper care and prevention of such cases.

      The results showed that : Complicated delivery, delayed milestones, low level of parent’s education and occupation, broken home, family hostory of ADHD are statistically more common in patients than control cases.  On the other hand, medical illnesses and accidents, birth order, type of parent’s job (except if mother  is working semi skilled or non skilled job), and home troubles are statistically not significant between patients and control cases.

       Correlating the severity of symptoms ; as measured by Conners scale, with IQ and age showed that : neither the age of the child nor his level of intelligence correlated significantly with the total score of Conners scale. On the other hand : age showed significant negative correlation, and IQ showed significant positive correlation with subitem (6) of Conners scale « inattention and easily distracted ».

       Conclusion : In the view of this study  we can conclude that complicated delivery, delayed milestones, low level of parent’s education and occupation, broken home, and family history of ADHD are risk factors that should be considered in prevention programs of ADHD. Although the symptom of « inattention and easy distractibility » is more severe in young children but its positive correlation with IQ should be confirmed by future studies.

RESUME. Une Etude Psychosociale des Enfants avec les Troubles de l’attention et Hyperactivité.

On a étudié 20 enfants avec les troubles de l’attention et Hyperactivité et 15 enfants a contrôlé. L’évaluation a compris une interview semi-structuré des enfants et leur parents on a utilisé l’examen de WISC et l’échelle de Conners.

Le but était  a) de trouver le rôle du  facteur psychosocial dans la pathogènes,

                      b) de trouver les liens entre la sévérité de symptômes et l’âge et l’IQ, pour améliorer le soin et la préventions ces troubles.

      On a trouvé que l’accouchement complexe l’histoire des troubles dans la famille, le niveau base l’éducation de parents et de leur travail sont plus démontrés chez les malades que chez le groupe de contrôle.

      La corrélation entre l’âge et le niveau de IQ et les résultat totals de l’échelle de Connors n’était pas significative. Cependant, on a trouvé une corrélation négative entre l’âge et une corrélation positive entre l’IQ et point 6 de cette échelle (inattention et être facilement distrait.

      On peut déduire que :

      1) l’accouchement complexe, l’histoire des troubles dans la famille, le niveau bas de l’éducation des parents et de leur travail sont des facteurs de risque  qui doivent être considérés dans la prévention ;

      2) la corrélation entre le symptôme d’être facilement distrait et l’IQ doit être confirmer par des recherche futures.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Maternal-Child Relationship and Psychosocial Development of Thalassaemic Children / by U.R. El-Safy, Eman R. El-Safy, Mervat A. Hisham and Azza A.M. Khalil

ABSTRACT:   This study was carried out to detect the emotional status of mothers of thalassaemic children, as well as the maternal –children relationship and their effects on the psychosocial development of the children. The study includes fifty children with B thalassaemia major, their ages ranged from three to nine years and duration of illness ranged from one to eight years with their mothers attending Hematology and Oncology Unit of Pediatrics Department, Zagazing University Hospital. Fifty five healthy school children of the same ages and their mothers were chosen as controls. All mothers of the patients and controls were subjected to Middle sex Hospital Questionnaire. Normal and diseased children were subjected to full history general medical   examination, including assessment of physical development and full laboratory investigations.

       Psychometric assessment of healthy and patient groups included parental acceptance-rejection scale and Boyed developmental scale for assessment of psychosocial development. Our results showed that the mothers of thalassaemic children had a higher scores of anxiety (10%), phobia (10%), obsession (38%), hypochondrisis (18%) and depression (24%), than mothers of normal children who presented with anxiety (0%), phobia (9%), obsession (3%), hypochondrisis (11%) and depression (15%). The mean of the acceptance (Warmness) of the mothers toward healthy children was greater than the acceptance of mothers toward patients with significant difference.

      It was reported that whereas depressive symptoms became manifested, the mother warmnes toward their children decreased. We noticed that as the symptoms of psychiatric illness became manifested of the mothers, their degree of rejection toward their children increased, but without significant difference except for anxious mothers and their diseased children and anxious and depressed mothers and their healthy children showed significant difference. As regard physical development of patients, 50% were of normal height and weight, 34% suffered from stunted growth and 16% with stunted and wasted growth. As regard psychosocial development, 60% were well and 40% were less psychosocially developed and there was positive relation between acceptance of mothers toward their diseased children and their psychosocial development.

RESUME. Le Rapport enfant-maternel et le développement psychosocial chez les enfants avec Thalassaemie.

       Cette étude était de découvrir la condition émotive des mères qui ont des enfants souffrants de thalassaemie, le rapport enfant maternel, et leur impact sur le développement psychosocial de ces enfants.

       On a étudié 50 enfants avec B-thalassaemie majeure (l’âge: 3-9 ans). La durée de maladie était 1-8 ans. Les malades et leurs mères vont a l’hôpital universitaire de Zagazing, le département d’oncologie et hématologie. Toutes les mères et le groupe de contrôle ont fini le questionnaire de Middle sex. L’évaluation des enfants malades et normal a compris un examen clinique et laboratoire.

       L’évaluation psychométrique a compris l’échelle d’acceptation –rejet de parents et l’échelle Boyed de développement.

       Les résultats ont démontré que les mères des enfants malades (groupe 1) ont plus d’anxiété (10%), de la phobie (10%), de l’obsession (38%), de l’hypochondrie (18%) et de la dépression (24%) que les mères du groupe de contrôle (groupe 2), le niveau de l’acceptation est plus haut chez les mères groupe 2 que chez le groupe 1.

       La psychopathologie était associée significativement avec le rejet.

       Le développement physique était normal chez 50% de malades, cependant que 34% ont souffert du délai de développement et 16% de la consomption et délai. 40% avait un délai de développement psychologique.

       L’acceptation des mères était associée avec le développement psychosocial.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Clinical and Psychometric Study of Cognitive Functions in Epilepsy of Primary Origin / by A. El-Behary, M.N. Tarhan and W. Hassan

ABSTRACT:   This  study was conducted on 40 patients suffering from idiopathie epilepsy, 20 control sujects and 25 non-epileptic siblings of the studied epileptic patients. The subjects were chosen from both sexes, their ages ranging from 15-35 years. Half of the patients were already  receiving  anti-epileptic treatment and the other half were untreated. The patients were submitted to clinical evaluation and EEG studying. Psychometric testing was carried out to all subjects. The untreated patients were tested twice, before and after one month of antiepileptic drug administration by either carbamazepine (CBZ) or sodium valproate (VPA), as monotherapy. Blood samples were taken from patients at VPA in both treated and untreated patients after drug administration. The battery of psychometric tests used in the study included Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), test of similarities, visual retention test (Benton test A and C), complex key test and maze test. The study showed impairment in cognitive functions in both treated and untreated epileptic patients. CBZ administration for one month in a dose of 15 mg/kg/day led to impairment of attention, concentration and spatial scanning. VPA administration for one month in a dose of 30 mg/kg/day led to impairment of memory, attention, concentration and spatial scanning. Patients with  earlier age of onset of epilepsy showed more deterioration of memory than those with later age onset. Patients with higher frequency of fits have more deterioration of memory and abstract thinking than those with lower frequency. Patients with mixed seizures had more deterioration of memory than those with generalized or partial seizures.

RESUME. Une Etude Clinique-Psychométrique de Fonctions Cognitives chez Les Malades d’Epilepsie d’origine Première.

       On a évalué 40 malades d’épilepsie idiopathique, et un groupe de contrôle (20 individus normales et 25 de leurs frères et sœurs non-épileptique). L’âge était 12-35 ans. 20 malades n’ont jamais pris de médicaments (groupe 1) et l’autre 20 (groupe 2) prenaient des médicaments antiépileptiques. L’évaluation était clinique et éléctroencéphalographique. Les  malades de groupe 1 ont été évalues avant et après un mois de commencer la thérapie (Carcamazepine CBZ, ou Valproate VPA, comme monothérapie). L’évaluation psychométrique a compris  l’échelle de la mémoire de Wechsler, un examen de similarités, L’examen Benton (A,C) et L’examen de labyrinthe. On a trouvé que les fonctions cognitives sont détériorées chez les deux groupes de malades. Un mois de thérapie avec CBZ a conduit a la détérioration de l’attention, la concentration et du balayage dans l’espace.  VPA a conduit a la détérioration de la mémoire, l’attention, la concentration et du balayage dans l’espace. Un début tôt était associé a plus de détérioration de la mémoire. La fréquence de crises était associée a une détérioration de la mémoire et de la pensée abstraite.

 Retour en haut

 

§         The Arabic Version of Defense Style Questionnaire-40. II- Defense Style in Major Depressive Disorder / by Hanaa Soliman

ABSTRACT:   The aim of this work was to investigate whether patients with major depressive  disorder use a defense style different from that of normal subjects. 28 patients with major depressive disorder and 27 age and sex matched normal subjects completed the Arabic version of DSQ-40.

       The results showed that patients tend to use less mature defenses (anticopation, suppression, humor & sublimation) than normal subjects, while they use more immature defenses (projection, passive aggression, devaluation, autistic fantasy and somatization). Reaction formation, a neurotic defense, was also higher in the depressive group. The significance of the findings to the psychopathology of depression, especially in terms of cognitive theories, and the implications for psychotherapy are considered.

      Investigating defense style related to other axis-I diagnosis and its correlation with symptom patterns was recommended.

RESUME. La Version Arabe de l’échelle de Mécanismes de défense (DSQ-40) II- Le style de défense chez les malades avec la dépression.

       Le but de cette recherche était d’étudier le style de défense chez les malades avec la dépression. On a étudié 28 malades pendant l’épisode de dépression et 27 personnes normales du même âge et sexe. Ils ont rempli la version Arabe de DSQ-40.

       Les résultats ont montré que les malades utilisent moins de défenses murs (l’anticipation, la suppression, la sublimation et l’humeur) et plus de défenses non-murs (la projection, l’agression passive, la fantasme autistique et la somatisation) que le groupe de contrôla. La défense formation de la réaction, un mécanisme neurotique, est aussi utilisée beaucoup par les malades.

       La signification des résultats pour   comprendre la psychopathologie de la dépression est proposée.

 Retour en haut

 

§         The Arabic Version of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory: Reliability, Validity and Findings in Three Groups / by Wafaa E. Haggag and Hanaa Soliman

ABSTRACT:   The high prevalence of fatigue and its negative effect on well being have made it an important research variable in the field of psychiatry as well as in many other domains.

      In this work, results on the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) are reported. Three groups with different degrees of expected fatigue participated in the study : 110 subjects from normal population, 41 patients with renal faillure and 49 junior physicians in their residency training. They completed the MFI and the GHQ.

      Assessment of reliability included correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and split – half reliability studies. Construct validity was estimated through comparison between groups and discriminant function analysis. Gender differences in the expression of fatigue were considered.

      The results showed that 22% of general population group, 24% of medical residents and 88% of renal failure patients suffered from a high degree of fatigue. The results suggest that the internal consistency and split – half reliability of the MFI are high. Its  validity, as assessed by group differences and sensitivity to differentiate different groups was also high.

      Gender plays a role in the fatigue expression in the general population, as women expressed more general and physical fatigue.

RESUME. La version arabe de l’inventaire multi dimensionnel de fatigue : la stabilité validité et les résultats chez trois groupes.

        La puissante extension de la fatigue et de ses effets négatifs fait un parmi les plus importants sujet de recherche dans le domaine de psychiatrie ainsi que dans plusieurs domaines.

       Il s’agit dans cette étude, des résultats de stabilité et de validité de la version arabe de l’inventaire multidim émotionnel de fatigue (IMF), chez trois groupes dont le degré prévu de fatigue est diffèrent : 110 personnes normales, 41 patient d’échec rénal et 49 jeunes médecins résidents ayant terminé le IMF et le SSG.

       L’évaluation de la stabilité a inclut les coefficients de corrélation et l’alpha de cronbach pour la consistante internelle et les études dans la demi validité.

       La validité a été estimé d’après une comparaison entre les groupes et alpha de cronbach pour la consistance internelle et les études de la demi validité.

      La validité a été estimée d’après une comparaison entre les groupes et analyse discriminante de la fondation.

      Les résultats ont montré que 22% du groupe normale, 24% de médecins résident et 88% de patients d’échec rénal souffrent d’un degrés très élevé de la fatigue comme ils ont montré un haut degré de la stabilité et de validité.

      Le sexe semble jouer un rôle dans l’expressions de la fatigue les femmes (celles du groupe normale) souffrent physiquement d’un haut degré de fatigue.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Using Brain Mapping in Comparative Study Between Demented Patients, Normal Elderly Subjects and Normal Young Subjects / by M.M. El-Maghraby, H.M. El-Amin, Eman R. El-Safy and M.G. Abdel-Ghany

ABSTRACT:   The main aim of the this study is to evaluate the effect of normal aging process in brain mapping as well as brain mapping changes in demented patients. This study was conducted on three groups ; Group I comprised 10 demented patients aged above 65 years. Group II comprised  10 normal elderly subjects aged above 60 years and Group III comprised of 10 young normal subjects aged between 25-30 years patient and control groups were subjected to : 1-Full psychiatric history taking including DSM-IV-criteria for diagnosis of dementia and mental state examination. 2-Full medical and neurological examination . 3- Minimental state examination (MMSE). 4- Brain electrical activity mapping. The research revealed the following  results ; A – Normal elderly subjects versus young normal subjects : - According to absolute power ; there is significant diffuse decrease in delta and theta bands, increase in alpha band in frontal, central and temporal regions and a decrease in alpha band in parietal and occipital regions and diffuse increase in Beta band among normal elderly subjects. According to interhemispheric coherence ; there is a significant decrease in all activities in all regions among normal elderly subjects. B – demented patients versus normal  elderly subjects : - According to absolute power ; there is significant diffuse increase in both delta and theta bands and diffuse decrease in both alpha and beta activities among demented patients. – According to interhemispheric ; there is significant hypocoherence in delta in all regions, in theta region in frontal central and temporal regions, and in alpha and beta coherence in frontal and central regions.

RESUME. Une étude  Comparative entre les patients en démence, les personnes âgées et les jeunes en utilisant le « Brain Mapping ».

        Les but de cette étude est d’évaluer les changements du « Brain Mapping » dans les patients en démence et les ages normaux. On a étudié 3 groupes :

       Groupe I : 10 patients en démence  de l’age > 65 ans, Groupe II : 10 personnes normales > 60 ans et Groupe III : 10 personnes de l’âge de 25 a 30 ans. Le groupe de patients  et le groupe témoin ont été examiné par : (1)  Une histoire psychiatrique et une diagnose  selon le DSM-IV ».

(2) Une examination médicale et neurologique 

(3) M.M.SE

(4) « Brain Mapping »

Les résultats des 3 groupes ont été discutés dans cette étude.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Social Competencies, Behavioral, Psychological and Cognitive Correlates in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis / by M. Hassib El-Defrawi, Salma El-Gandour Amin, A.E. Zeitoun and H.A. Ragab

ABSTRACT:   One hundred and ten school age children (110), with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of Nocturnal Enuresis (NE), were randomly selected from those seeking treatment from pediatric, psychiatry and urology clinics in Suez Canal University Teaching Hospital and were compared to a sex and age matched control group (n=110) as regard their social competencies, behavioral problems, cognitive and psychological caracteristics as well as their school performance and achievement. Instruments used included: Conners Rating Scale, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Goodenough test, Token Test for Children, Johns Hopkins Depression Scale, and their mid-year test scores in academic subjects including Arabic language, arithmatic and other subjects. Results revealed that NE was significantly associated with being described by their parents as hyperactive, socially with drawn, uncommunicative and depressed. Furthermore, children with NE were reported to be less socially competent than the nonerutic control group. Moreover, NE children were significantly  more likely to perform poorly on cognitive tasks of nonverbal intellectual maturation and functional language ability and to obtain significantly lower scores in Arabic language and arithmatic subjects than nonenuretic children.

        The results suggest that NE should be considered as a risk factor for comorbid psychiatric and developmental difficulties and those children with NE deserve to receive a comprehensive and integrated neuropsychological & behavioural assessment. The implications of our findings are discussed.

RESUME. Corrélation Psychologique, Béhavioriste, Cognitive et Sociale chez les Enfants Souffrants de l’énurésie Nocturne

       On a choisis  au hasard 110 enfants a l’âge de l’école diagnoses selon le « DSM-IV » comme ayant une Enurésie Nocturne. Cette échantillon a été choisie de la clinique psychiatrique, urologique et pédiatrique de l’université du Canal El Suez, et a été comparé avec un groupe témoin de même âge et sexe (110) concernant leurs problèmes béhavioristes, leurs caractères psychologiques et cognitives, leurs compétences sociales, et aussi leurs réalisations a l’école. Les résultats ont démontré que l’énurésie nocturne doit être considéré comme un facteur de risque pour avoir d’autres difficultés psychiatriques et developmentalles chez ces enfants.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Comorbidity of  Somatoform Disorders / by Hanaa Soliman

ABSTRACT:   All patients presenting to the out- patient psychiatric clinic of El- Minia University hospital over a 4 month- period were screened for somatoform disorders  (SDs). 92 Subjects (55 females & 37 males, mean age-35.7) fulfilled criteria for  SDs (ICD-10). The main diagnosis was undifferentiated somatoform disorder  (UDS) (76.6%), followed by somatization disorder (SD) (9.5%), persistent somatoform pain disorder PD (8.7%), hypochondriacal disorder (5.4%). The most  frequent symptom was headache, followed by pains in the different body parts,  autonomic manifestations, abdominal symptoms, conversion symptoms. A semistructured interview (SCAN) was used to assess psychiatric comorbidity. A concurrent psychiatric diagnosis was established in 85.9% of patients; the common-   est diagnosis was current depressive episode (58.7); followed by anxiety  disorders in 36.9%; mixed anxiety-depression disorder (6.5%). More than one  comorbid diagnosis was the case in 16.5% of the cases.      

      The total number of somatic symptoms was highest in somatization disorder  and least in pain disorder, with undifferentiated somatoform and hypochondriacal disorder occupying an intermediate position. The number of somatic symptoms was highest in mixed anxiety depression disorder and least in patients with  no comorbid diagnosis. lt was also higher in moderate than in mild depressive   episode, and in panic than in generalized anxiety disorder.      

      Depressed mood was correlated with pain symptoms, while anxiety correlated with autonomic manifestations. Three factors of somatic symptoms. conversion, GIT & pain were identified.      

     The results are discussed in the light of the current debate concerning comorbidity as well as the validity of the somatoform disorder category.

RESUME.  Les Troubles Psychiatriques Associés aux  Disorders Somatoformes         

     On a recherché les troubles somatoformes chez les malades à la clinique universitaire de
Minia pendant 4 mois, 92 malades (55 femelles et 37 mâles) ont reçu cette diagnose, selon ICD-10. Pour l’examen clinique,  un interview semistructuré (SCAN) a été utilisé.
         

      Les résultats ont montré que les symptomes somatiques les plus fréquents étaient mal de tête, douleur, des manifestation autonomiques et  de la conversion.          

      Les désordres psychiatriques confirmés par l'interview présents dans  85.99'o des cas; les diagnostic les plus fréquents étaient un épisode de dépression (58.7'7%), trouble de l'anxiété (36.99%). Plus qu’une diagnose psychiatrique associée étaient present chez 16.5% des cas.          

      On a trouvé qu'il y a une corrélation entre la dépression et les symptômes de douleur, tandis que l’anxiété a été associées aux manifestations  autonomiques.          

       Les résultats mettent en doute l’indépendance nosologique des troubles somatoformes.

 Retour en haut

 

§         Panic Disorder: Electroencephalographic and Echocardiographic Study / by A. Mubarak, A. El Dod and N. Shaaban

ABSTRACT:   Twenty five patients diagnosed as panic disorder according to DSM-IV criteria and 10 healthy subjects matched by age and sex with patients as control were  studied using surface electrode EEG and two dimensional echocardiogram.       

       The aim was to detect any significant cerebral dysrythmia from one hand and or any evidence of mitral valve prolapse on the other hand. This may help in  understanding the relationship of panic disorder to cerebral or cardiac pathophysiology. The results of this study showed that: Abnormal FEG in 52% of patients and 30% of control (p<0.05). This abnormality was ether generalized cerebral dysrythmia; 12% inpatinets and 20% in control (P>0.05), 50% of the focal  dysrythmia came from right temporal lobe. Definite signs of MVP was found In 12% of patients and 10% of control while in 8% of patients and 10% of control  the signs are only suggestive of MVP (P>0.05).       

Conclusion: Although cerebral dysrythmia was not significantly different in  patient than control their propoderence in right temporal lobe warrant special  attention to their relationship to the emotional and/ or cognitive component of  panic disorder, this could be a future large scale study. The presumed special    relationship between MVP and panic disorder is not supported by our study.

RESUME. Le Désordre de panique: une étude électro-encephalographique et échocardiographique

        On a examine 25 patients diagnoses comme “désordre de panique” “selon le” “DSM-IV” et 10 personnes normales par l’échocardiogramme et le EEG. Les but était de détecter le moindre de dyrythmie cérébral significatif, ou l’évidence de prolapsus mistral. Les résultats ont montrés que: 52% de patients et 30% du groupe témoin MVP ont un EEG abnormal a été comfismé 12% de patients et 10% du groupe témoin.

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§         The Suez Canal University Neurodevelopmental Scale (SCUNDS) for Assessment of Infant and Children From 0-36 Months / by M.H. El-Defrawi, Salma EL-Ghandour, A. Atef and Sonia G. El-Sharkawy

 

q       Journal Abstracts

q       Thesis Review

 

Document Code PJ.0104

 The Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry 20.1

ÊÑãíÒ ÇáãÓÊäÏ PJ.0104

 

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