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شبكـة العلوم النفسية العربية

 

نفسانيـــــــات

المجلـة العربيـــة  للعلـوم النفسيــة

مجلة محكمة في علوم و طب النفسي

 ملـخـصــــات  /  SUMMARIES

المجلـد  الحادي عشر- العــدد 56 شتاء  2018

 

******

 الفهـــــرس المفصــــل

 

http://www.arabpsynet.com/apn.journal/apnJ56/apnJ56First&Content&Editorial.pdf

 

ملــــف العــــــدد

  " العنـــف والاضطرابــات النفسانيـــة التاليــــة للصدمــــة "

 

  الـفــهـــــــــرس  CONTENT /

الملف " العنـــف والاضطرابــات النفسانيـــة التاليــــة للصدمــــة "

 

إفتتاحيــــة العــدد:  العنـــف والاضطرابــات النفسانيـــة التاليــــة للصدمــــة -  عبــد العزيـز موسـى ثابــت

الأبحــــــاث و الدراســـــات

The Relationship between Traumatic Experience, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents in Gaza Strip - Murad Khalil Dawwas - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Prevalence of PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Among Orphaned Children in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet -  Mohammed W Elhelou - Panos Vostanis

Prevalence of Domestic Violence among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Clinics in Gaza - Eslam Farhat Murtaja - Abdel Aziz Thabet

Palestinian Children: Victims of Decades of Violence and Trauma - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Coping and mental health problems among Palestinian refugee families - Abdelaziz M Thabet -  Sanaa S Thabet -  Panos Vostanis

Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Panos Vostanis

The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping Strategies among Patients with Cancer in Gaza Strip- Al Jadili M - Thabet AA

Coping With Trauma Among Children in South of Gaza Strip- Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet- Sanaa S. Thabet

Effect of Trauma on Mental Health of Parents and Children in the Middle Area of the Gaza Strip- Thabet AA  - Panos Vostanis

Effects of Political and Community Violence on Mental Health of Adolescence in   Gaza Strip.- El-Kahlout Ahmed Mohammed - Thabet AA

The Relationship between PTSD, Anxiety and Depression in Palestinian Children with Cancer and Mental Health of Mothers- Abdelaziz M Thabet  - Mansour Mona A

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder due to War Trauma, Social and Family Support among Adolescent in the Gaza Strip - Niveen Ahmed Mousa Al-Sheikh -  Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Prevalence of ADHD and Mental Health Problems among Preschool Children in the Gaza Strip - Abdelaziz M Thabet

Quality of Life (QoL) and Depression Among Children With End Stage Renal  Disease Attending Hemodialysis Units in Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet -  Joma W. Younis

Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Panos Vostanis

Risk and Protective Factors in Relation to Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Stress, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents in the Gaza strip.- .Abdelaziz Mousa Thabet - Sanaa S Thabet

The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Fear among Palestinian Children in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Tariq Said Qrenawi

The Relationship between PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression in Palestinian Children with Cancer and Mental Health of Mothers - Abdelaziz M Thabet - Mansour Mona

The Relationship between Siege Stressors, Anxiety, and Depression among Patients with Cancer in Gaza Strip- Reema Awni Bseiso - Abdelaziz Mousa Thabet

The Relationship between War Trauma and Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among  Preschool Children in the Gaza strip- Al Ghalayini H -  Thabet A

Trauma, Mental Health, Coping, Resilience, and Post Traumatic Growth (PG)-Palestinian Experience - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

 ملـخـصــــات  /  SUMMARIES

  الملــــف " العنـــف والاضطرابــات النفسانيـــة التاليــــة للصدمــــة"

 

 

إفتتاحيــــة العــدد:  العنـــف والاضطرابــات النفسانيـــة التاليــــة للصدمــــة -  عبــد العزيـز موسـى ثابــت

فيما يلي مجموعة من الدراسات في مجال الصحة النفسية للاطفال و البالغين والتي تناولت العشر سنوات الماضية من تاريخ الشعب الفلسطيني في قطاع غزة و الضفة الغربية, و  بحثت هذه الدراسات عن العوامل المختلفة التي أدت إلى ظهور بعض الاعراض النفسية مثل الامراض النفسجسمية, و كرب ما بعد الصدمة, و القلق, و الاكتئاب, و تشتت الانتباه مع زيادة الحركة, و المسلك السيئ للاطفال و المراهقين. و كان من أهم المسببات هو الضغوط النفسية الناتجة عن الحصار  المفروض على قطاع غزة منذ 2007 و الذي مازال مفروضاً حتى اليوم و الذى أدي بدوره الي تنامي الشعور بالظلم,  و الغبن , و تدني المستوى الاقتصادي لعدم وجود موادأساسية للصناعةالمحلية نتيجة للحصار و تضييق الخناق على التصدير و الاستيراد من قطاع غزه و إليه مما زاد من نسبة البطالة و الفقر و العوز لدى العديد من العائلات الفلسطينية في قطاع غزة. كما ان الحروب الثلاثة على قطاع غزة سنة 2008, 2012, 2014 كان لها الاثر الكبير  في زيادة حجم الصدمات النفسية التي تعرض لها الفلسطينيون في قطاع غزة. و اظهرت النتائج  المختلفة للدراسات النفسية ارتفاع نسبة الاضطرابات النفسية الناتجة عن الكرب , و الاكتئاب, و القلق, الامراض السيكوسوماتيه أكثر كثيرا من البلدان التي تعرضت للحروب. وحيث أن الحالة الفلسطينيةهي حالة فريدة من نوعها لأن في كل حرب على غزة كان يتبعها المزيد من التضييق على الناس و زيادة الفقر و حجم المعاناة مع أنه من المعروف بأن بعد كل حرب تكون هناك حالة من الاستقرار و الرخاء للشعوب و بناء لما دمرته الحرب .

 

الأبحــــــاث و الدراســـــات

The Relationship between Traumatic Experience, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents in Gaza Strip - Murad Khalil Dawwas - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between traumatic experience, posttraumatic stress disorder, resilience, and posttraumatic growth among adolescents in Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of 400 secondary school students (200 males and 200 females) from the seven directorates of the Gaza Strip Their age ranged between 15-18 years with mean age 16.67 years. Descriptive, analytic cross-sectional design was used. For data collection four instruments were used: Gaza traumatic events checklist, PTSD checklist for DSM-IV-TR, Resilience scale for adolescents, and Posttraumatic growth inventory.

Result: The results showed that the most common traumatic events were hearing the voices of the bombing on different areas (92.3%), listening to the sound of drones constantly (86.3%), and hearing the death of a friend or neighbor during the war (79.5%), and 13% of adolescents had mild trauma, 39.8% had moderate trauma, and 47.3% had severe trauma. Also, the results showed that 24% adolescents had partial PTSD, and 10.5% had full criteria of PTSD. The results also showed that adolescents had above moderate level of resilience with mean score 80.48, and there were no significant differences in resilience levels related to gender, age, family size, family income, fathers’ job and level of education, but adolescents from Khan Younis and Rafah had higher resilience compared to their counterparts from other places. The results showed that the mean of total post traumatic growth was 46.05, appreciation of life 6.54, spiritual change 5.25, personal strength 8.04, relating to others 15.30, new possibilities 10.86, and there was higher level of posttraumatic growth in adolescents aged 15-16 years old had. The results of our study showed that there was statistically significant positive relationship between total traumatic events due to war and PTSD and negative correlation with PTG and resilience. PTSD was negatively correlated with resilience. Finally, PTG was positively correlated with resilience.

Clinical Implications

The study concluded that Palestinian adolescents been exposed to variety of traumatic events and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of the long-term and ongoing wars beside the siege against Gaza Strip, and the results of the study raised the need for strategic mental health programs to enhance coping mechanisms and decrease the negative impact of trauma

Keywords: Adolescents; Gaza strip; PTG; PTSD; Resilience; Trauma

 

 

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Prevalence of PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Among Orphaned Children in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet -  Mohammed W Elhelou - Panos Vostanis

AbstractThis study aimed to find the prevalence rate of PTSD, anxiety and depression among orphaned children in Gaza Strip. The study sample consisted of 81 orphaned children from Al-Amal Institute for Orphans. We used descriptive, analytical, and for data collection we used sociodemographic sheet; Revised Child Post Traumatic Disorder Index, The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (BDSRS).

 The minimum age was 9 years and the maximum age was 18 years, Mean = 13.34 years. The mean post-traumatic stress disorder was 35.79, intrusion symptoms was 19.77, avoidance symptoms was 14.30 and mean arousal symptoms was 13.65, 55.6% of or-phaned children showed moderate and 34.6% showed severe PTSD. Girls reported significantly more PTSD, avoidance, and arousal symptoms than boys. A child living in a city had more PTSD than those children live in a camp or a village. The study showed that 67.9% showed depression. Depression was more in children from north Gaza had more depression than those coming from the other four areas of the Gaza Strip. The results showed that 30.9% of children rated as anxiety cases. Children 13 - 15 years old had more anxiety than those younger and older age than them and children coming from north Gaza had more anxiety than those coming from the other four areas of the Gaza Strip. The result showed that there was positive correlation with statistical significance between depression and anxiety, intrusion, and avoidance. While total depression was negatively correlated with arousal symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was negatively correlated with PTSD and avoidance symptoms of PTSD.

 Clinical Implications: The study concluded that orphaned children have a considerable level of PTSD, anxiety and depression, which raised the need for more attention from governmental and Non-governmental institutions towards finding therapeutic programs for the orphans to enable them to live and be functional and productive in the future.

Keywords: Orphaned Children; PTSD; Anxiety; Depression; Gaza Strip

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Prevalence of Domestic Violence among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Clinics in Gaza - Eslam Farhat Murtaja - Abdel Aziz Thabet

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of domestic violence, among pregnant women attending primary health care clinics in Gaza Strip.

 Method: Descriptive analytic, cross sectional design. The sample consisted of 400 pregnant women from the five governorates of Gaza Strip. Tools of the study included socio-demographic characteristic questionnaire and Conflict Tactics Scale.

Results: The study showed that psychological assault reported by pregnant women was 6.11%, physical assault was 2.8%, physical injury was 1.3%, and sexual assault was 0.4%. However, psychological assault was significantly higher in women living in camps than women living in cities or villages, women in age group of 36 and above years, uneducated women, uneducated husbands, and having 8 and more children. Moreover, physical assault was significantly more in uneducated women and in women in families with 8 and more. While, physical injury was significantly more in women with uneducated husbands and families with 8 and more children. Clinical implications: Our study showed that pregnant Palestinian women exposed to physical violence and psychological violence. More specific programs should be established in Gaza to enable women of using new coping strategies with difficulties. Also, training programs including primary health care professional such physicians, nurses, social service experts, and midwives should be provide to enable them of early detection of victims of violence and provide social support to these women.

Keywords:Domestic violence; Pregnant women; Gaza strip; Primary health care

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Palestinian Children: Victims of Decades of Violence and Trauma - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Introduction

In the following paper, we will highlight the historical, socio economical, and political context of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. During the last two decades many historical and political events had occurred. From the first Intifada to Oslo agreement to Al Aqsa Intifada to factional fighting, and lastly the Gaza siege. Political violence inflicted on Palestinians escalated day after day and oppression methods changed from time to time.   Demography

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Coping and mental health problems among Palestinian refugee families - Abdelaziz M Thabet -  Sanaa S Thabet -  Panos Vostanis

Abstract

 

Aim: The aim of the study was to find the rate of mental health problems among refugee’s families, to explore type of coping strategies used to overcome the stress and trauma and to explore the relationship to mental health problems and ways of coping in face of stress and adversities.

Method: A sample of 116 Refugee participants living in three refugee camps in Gaza Strip (Beach, Nusirate and Khan Younis camps) was selected. The sample consisted of 78 males (67.2%) and 38 females (32.8%). Age ranged from 19-65 years with a mean age of 41.3 years. Participants completed measures of Brief Symptom Inventory and Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale.

Results: The study showed than mean Brief Symptom Inventory was 64.97, anxiety mean was 9.79, somatization mean was 7.34, depression mean was 8.45, hostility mean was 3.91, obsession mean was 8.37, sensitivity mean was 5.88, paranoid mean was 5.31, phobia mean was 5.76 and psychoticism mean was 4.16. The results showed that Palestinian families coped with stressful situations by: 75% said that is God wish, 39.7% said they will ask for advice from relatives and grandparents and 35.3% attending religious meetings. The results showed that mean total coping of family was 109.17, acquiring social support mean was 16.37, reframing mean was 30.64, seeking spiritual support mean was 16.37, positive appraisal mean was 13.83 and mobilizing family to acquire and accept help mean was 14.83.

The study showed that total FCOPE was positively correlated with phobia, acquiring social support was positively correlated with phobia , reframing was correlated negatively with obsession, positive appraisal was positively correlated with hostility, obsession, paranoid, phobic anxiety and psychoticism, mobilizing family to acquire and accept help was positively correlated with somatization, phobic anxiety and psychoticism.

Clinical implications: This study had shown that refugees in Gaza Strip had mental health problems and they used more religious coping strategies to overcome the war-related traumatic experiences and distress. Such findings highlight the importance of developing mental health services. Future research that includes the training of primary health care professionals, health workers, counselors in the effects of trauma and culturally adapted counseling skills that capitalize on people empowerment and building on strengths appears particularly relevant. We suggested, as integrating mental health services into primary health care, religious organizations and community outreach efforts may make care more accessible, help to destigmatize mental health problems and thus help individuals and families make use of available resources.

Keywords: Coping, Family, Gaza, Mental health problems, Refugee.

 

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Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Panos Vostanis

AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect oftrauma due to Gaza war on Palestinians' PTSD and copingsstrategies. A sample of 374 adults, the age ranged from 21to 60 years with mean age 41.5 (SD=8.6), 193 were males(53.9%) and 181 were females 46.1%. Participantscompleted measures of experience of traumatic events(Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist-20 items, War on Gaza),PTSD, and Ways of Coping Scale.

Mean traumatic events experienced 5.4 traumatic eventsand 42% reported full criteria of PTSD. Mean copingscores was 107.28, acquiring social support mean was29.59, reframing mean was 31.22, seeking spiritualsupport mean was 15.93, mobilizing family to acquire andaccept help mean was 14.14, and positive appraisal meanwas 13.89. Traumatic events were significantly negativelycorrelated to other coping strategies such as reframingand mobilizing family to acquire and accept help.

Participants with no PTSD scored more coping, acquiringsocial support, reframing, and seeking spiritual support,positive appraisal. While, there was no significantdifferences in mobilizing family to acquire and accept helpwith PTSD.

Keywords: Copings strategies; Palestinians; PTSD; Wartrauma

 

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The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping Strategies among Patients with Cancer in Gaza Strip- Al Jadili M - Thabet AA

AbstractAim: The study aimed to examine the mental health status of the patients with cancer and the copingstrategies that adopted by them in front of stressful situations.

Method: The sample consisted of 358 patients withcancer in the oncology clinic at Shifa Hospital in GazaStrip. Participants were interviewed individually byquestionnaire include socioeconomic questionnaire, PTSDscale, and Ways of coping Scale.

Results: The study showed that 42.5% of patients hadPTSD, 47% had re-experiencing of PTSD, 40.5% hadhyperarousal, and 40.1% had avoidance symptoms. Thegroup of 40 years and less were significantly higher in re-experiences than 71 years and above among the studysample.

The results showed that affiliation at the highest rank(81.6%), followed by reinterpretation (75.5%), self-controlcoping strategy (75.3%), problem solving (72.3%), wishand avoidance thinking was (69.0%), trouble and escapewas (61.8%), accountability coping strategy was (53.0%)among the study sample of patients with cancer. Theresult showed that there were no significant differences insex of patients and wish and avoidance thinking, problemsolving, reinterpretation, affiliation, accountability, andself-control. However, there were significant differences introuble and escape in favor of male patients.

There was positive significant correlation between wishand avoidance thinking and re-experience of PTSD. Inaddition, there were positive significant correlationbetween accountability and PTSD, re-experience of PTSD,avoidance of PTSD, hyper-arousal of PTSD. In addition,there were positive significant correlation betweenTrouble and escape and PTSD, re-experience of PTSD,avoidance of PTSD, hyper-arousal of PTSD. While; therewere negative significant correlation between problemsolving and PTSD, re-experience of PTSD, avoidance of PTSD, hyperarousal of PTSD. In addition, there werenegative significant correlation between re-interpretationand PTSD, re-experience of PTSD, avoidance of PTSD,hyperarousal of PTSD. In addition, there were negativesignificant correlation between affiliation and PTSD,avoidance of PTSD, hyperarousal of PTSD. In addition,there were negative significant correlation between self-control and PTSD, avoidance of PTSD, hyper-arousal of PTSD.

Clinical implications: Our findings highlight the need fortherapeutic and educational programmes-includingcounseling for those patients with cancer and theirfamilies, support groups, and behavioural therapy forpatients with P.T.S.D, and other psychiatric disorders. Also,new family therapy programmes must be establishedaimed at improving communications and interactionsbetween family members, as well as teaching problem-solving skills to assist the family members in confrontingthe mental health problems associated with cancer

 

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Coping With Trauma Among Children in South of Gaza Strip- Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet- Sanaa S. Thabet

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trauma, mental health, and cop-ing strategies among children living in south of Gaza Strip 

Methodology: The sample consisted of 317 children and their parents. Children were inter-viewed with Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist, Children Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Re-action Index, (PTSD-RI) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Teachers, parents, and children forms), Spence Anxiety Scale, and Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (ACOPE).

Results: Palestinian children reported a mean of 9.34 traumatic events. Boys reported more exposure to traumatic events than girls. Results showed that 25.2% of children had PTSD.The present study showed the prevalence of general mental health problems using SDQ for self-reported, parents and teachers forms (19.4%, 24.3%, and 28.4%).Total score of anxiety was recorded as 41.15. Girls expressed more panic/agoraphobia and separation anxiety than boys. There was a significant correlation between total trauma and PTSD, PTSD and total coping strategies, ventilating feelings and PTSD, social support and PTSD, avoiding problems and PTSD.

Clinical applications: An outreach child mental health clinics with multidisciplinary staff need to be established at primary health centers to assess and treat children referred from commu-nity agencies and schools after exposure to traumatic events. Similarly, training courses for social workers, primary health workers, school counsellors  in the field of trauma should be conducted.

KEYWORDS: Anxiety; Children; PTSD; SDQ; South Gaza; Trauma.

ABBREVIATIONS: PTSD-RI: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; ACOPE: Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experi-ences; UNRWA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency.

 

 

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Effect of Trauma on Mental Health of Parents and Children in the Middle Area of the Gaza Strip- Thabet AA  - Panos Vostanis

AbstractAim: This study was undertaken after one year of the disengagement plan and withdrawal of Israeli Occupation forces from Gaza Strip with the aim to determine the effect of shelling and other traumatic events on mental health of parents and children.

Method: The study includes 200 parents and 200 children age 9-18 years who were assessed by self- completed questionnaire.

Results: The results estimated mean traumatic experiences for parents were 8.42, prevalence of PTSD in parents was 60%; anxiety disorder 26.5%. For children, mean traumatic events were 7.88, prevalence of PTSD in children was 70.1%; anxiety disorder (33.9%), general mental health problems rated by parents (42.7); conduct disorder (36.8%); hyperactivity (22.8%), emotional problems (24.4%), peers problems (60.1%), and prosocial problems (20.2%). There was correlation between trauma of children and PTSD of children, intrusion, avoidance, and arousal. No gender differences in both parents and children in PTSD. Parents PTSD were associated with their children PTSD. PTSD of children was significantly associated with total traumatic events of parents, anxiety of parents, of PTSD of parents, intrusion symptoms of parents, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Also anxiety of children was significantly correlated with parent’s anxiety.

Clinical implications: These findings are discussed in relation to need for crisis intervention programmes in north of Gaza and West of Gaza and psychosocial programmes for both parents and children.

Keywords: Shelling; Parents; Children; PTSD; Anxiety; General mental health; Gaza Strip

 

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Effects of Political and Community Violence on Mental Health of Adolescence in   Gaza Strip.- El-Kahlout Ahmed Mohammed - Thabet AA

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study to investigate the impact of trauma due to Israeli and community violence on Palestinian adolescents PTSD, depression, and anxiety.

Method: A stratified cluster random sample survey of 394 adolescents; (51.5% males 49.5% females) aged between 15-18 years were assessed. The researcher used descriptive analytical design to represent the entire sample of the population.  However, the researcher used some of modified scales from which; Gaza traumatic events checklist for Israelis violence, Gaza traumatic events checklist for factional fighting, the revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS), child depression inventory (CDI), UCLA PTSD Index for DSM IV.

Results: The major findings were: the most common traumatic events due to Israel violence revealed by children was "watching mutilated bodies in TV" by 90.4%, the most common traumatic events due to factional fighting was "hearing the shootings and bombardment due to fighting in the streets" by 87.1%. The prevalence of severe Israel violence events was 23.6%. The prevalence of severe factional fighting events was 22.1%. There were a significant association between Israel violence and factional fighting. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were 20.8%, 31.0%, 12.7% consecutively. There were positive significant correlation between anxiety, PTSD, depression and political violence. The study found significant differences in anxiety levels according to sex, but there were no significant differences in PTSD and depression levels according to sex.  The study found significant differences between the means of anxiety, PTSD and depression levels according to Israel violence and factional fighting levels.

Clinical implications

The findings of this study showed that there are needs for establishing therapeutic programmes including counseling for victims of violence or for those at risk, support groups, and behavioral therapy for depression and other psychiatric disorders. Also, public education campaigns using the media to target entire communities or educational campaigns for specific settings such as schools, workplaces, and health care and other institutions. For schools extracurricular activities for young people, such as sports, drama, art and music must be established. Moreover, training for police, health and education professionals, and employers to make them better able to identify and respond to the different types of violence.

 

 

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The Relationship between PTSD, Anxiety and Depression in Palestinian Children with Cancer and Mental Health of Mothers- Abdelaziz M Thabet  - Mansour Mona A

AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalenceof PTSD, depression and anxiety among children with cancerand relationship to mother’s mental health. A sample of 50children with their mothers was selected from oncologydepartment at El Nasser paediatric hospital in Gaza city.

Result: The results showed that 22% of children had partialPTSD and 18% had full criteria of PTSD, 62% of children hadanxiety disorder and 68% had depression. For mothers,70.8% of mothers scored above cut-off point of GHQ-28.The results showed that there were no correlationsbetween total general health and subscale of mothers withchildren PTSD, anxiety and depression. However, there wererelationship between depression and anxiety in childrenwith cancer.

Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that mentalhealth among parents of children with cancer in Palestine ishigher compared with their counterparts in the othercontexts. Based on the results, paediatric oncology nursescan raise parents’ awareness about their mental healthproblems, by interventions intended to decrease the risks.Parents could gain experience and information in groupdiscussion, which provides appropriate opportunity formothers to reflect on their own life stories. This life storyperspective provides a realistic foundation that can supportparents’ wellbeing and contribute to satisfying the needs oftheir children.

Keywords: Children with cancer; Post-traumatic stressdisorder; Depression; Anxiety; GHQ-28; Mothers

 

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder due to War Trauma, Social and Family Support among Adolescent in the Gaza Strip - Niveen Ahmed Mousa Al-Sheikh -  Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

ABSTRACTAim: This study aimed to find the relationship between trauma due to war and post-traumatic stress disorder, social,and family support among adolescent in the Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls).

Method: The adolescents were interviewed by Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Social Support Scale and Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale.

Results: The study showed that mean traumatic experiences reported was 12.19. Boys had been exposed more thangirls. The study showed that 25% of adolescents reported partial PTSD and 9.3% had full criteria of PTSD. Boys reportedmore PTSD than girls. Mean of social support was 83. Adolescents aged 13 years had less total social support than theolder group. Mean of family support was 97.33, acquiring social support was 28.62, reframing was 26.18, seekingspiritual support was 14.26, mobilizing family to acquire and accept help was 12.48, positive appraisal was 12.75. Therewas positive correlation between total traumatic events and PTSD, intrusion and avoidance. While, total traumatic eventswere correlated negatively with family coping and social support. There was positive correlation between PTSD and socialsupport and family support.

Keywords: Adolescent, Family support, Gaza strip, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Social, War trauma

 

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Prevalence of ADHD and Mental Health Problems among Preschool Children in the Gaza Strip - Abdelaziz M Thabet

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and mental health problems among preschool Palestinian children.

Method: The sample consisted of 398 randomly selected preschool children with their mothers and teachers. Children were rated using SDQ and ADHD for parents and teachers.

Results: The results showed that 28.4% of the children according to mothers displayed psychiatric morbidity. Among the four categories of mental health problems, 45.8% reported conduct, 14.2% reported emotional problems, 46% reported peer relationships problem, 33.8% reported hyperactivity, and 15.1% reported pro-social problems. Boys were more hyperactive than girls. According to mothers report, 31.3% of children met the DSM-IV criteria for inattentive type, 36.3% of children were hyperactive-impulsive, and 29% met criteria for combined type. The results showed boys had more  attention, hyperactivity, and combined ADHD type than girls. According to teachers, 46.7% of the children were displayed psychiatric morbidity by their teachers. Among the four categories of mental health problems, 45.8% reported conduct, 11.6% reported emotional, 55.8% reported peer relationship problems, 15.3% reported hyperactivity, and 31.2%, reported prosaically behavior problem. According to teachers report, 28.8% of children met the DSM-IV criteria for inattentive type, 37.3% of children were hyperactive-impulsive, and 28.3% met criteria for combined type of ADHD.

Clinical implications: From the above mentioned results, we recommended to conduct more training sessions for parents and teachers specified in one or two specific areas of interest such as behavioural problems and behavioural modification. Involving the fathers in such activities and inviting them to similar training sessions, continuous training inside the kindergarten in specific subjects such as overactivity, using drawing in helping children, play therapy, behavioral modification, and counseling, increase in non curriculum activities in the classes. Increase in number of trips, play sessions, drawing settings, supervision of the kindergarten teachers and regular visits to the kindergartens is required by the project officer and the center directors.

Keywords: ADHD; Gaza; Preschool; SDQ

 

 

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Quality of Life (QoL) and Depression Among Children With End Stage Renal  Disease Attending Hemodialysis Units in Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet -  Joma W. Younis

ABSTRACTAim: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) and depression among children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis in the Gaza strip compared to the control group of children with chronic medical problems attending the same hospitals.

Methodology: The study sample consisted of children diagnosed with ESRD (N=47) and a control group of children with chronic medical problems attending the same hospitals (N=95). Data collection was performed using sociodemographic scale, medical status checklist, QoL questionnaire and the birleson depression self-rating scale (DSRS) in a face-to-face interview.

Results: The results showed that prevalence of depression reported in children with ESRD was 20.13% and for the control group was 12.63%. The study showed that the mean total QoL for end stage renal (ESR) failure in children was 48.98 relative to 52.75 SD for the control group. There were statistically significant differences in the QoL among the control group children. Physical functioning mean for ESR failure was 14.02% and for the control group was 21.24%. There were statistically significant differences in physical functioning for the group being studied. Emotional functioning for ESR failure was 14.04% and the control mean was 9.68%. There were statistically significant differences in emotional functioning in the control group. Social functioning mean in ESR failure was 9.96% and 8.32% for the control group. There were statistically significant differences in social functioning towards the ESR failure. School functioning mean in ESR failure was 11.38% and 12.77 % for the control group. There were statistically significant differences in school functioning in the control group.

Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the ESRD have positive perceptions about their QoL (emotional, social), negative perception towards physical functioning and school, compared to the control group who have positive perception about physical functioning, school and their QoL and negative perception towards social and emotional functioning, and indicate a higher incidence of depression among ESRD relative to the control group.

KEY WORDS: Children; Depression; ESRD; QoL.ABBREVIATIONS: QoL: Quality of Life; ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease; DSRS: Depression self-rating scale; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; CRF: Chronic Renal Failure.

 

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Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Panos Vostanis

AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect oftrauma due to Gaza war on Palestinians' PTSD and copings strategies. A sample of 374 adults, the age ranged from 21to 60 years with mean age 41.5 (SD=8.6), 193 were males(53.9%) and 181 were females 46.1%. Participants completed measures of experience of traumatic events(Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist-20 items, War on Gaza),PTSD, and Ways of Coping Scale.

Mean traumatic events experienced 5.4 traumatic eventsand 42% reported full criteria of PTSD. Mean copingscores was 107.28, acquiring social support mean was29.59, reframing mean was 31.22, seeking spiritualsupport mean was 15.93, mobilizing family to acquire andaccept help mean was 14.14, and positive appraisal meanwas 13.89. Traumatic events were significantly negative lycorrelated to other coping strategies such as reframingand mobilizing family to acquire and accept help.

Participants with no PTSD scored more coping, acquiringsocial support, reframing, and seeking spiritual support,positive appraisal. While, there was no significantdifferences in mobilizing family to acquire and accept helpwith PTSD.

Keywords: Copings strategies; Palestinians; PTSD; Wartrauma

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Risk and Protective Factors in Relation to Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

Abstract: This meta-analysis examined studies of the Risk and Protective factors in relation to trauma and post-traumatic stress disorders of children exposed to political and community violence. Review of 109 articles was done using Psych info and other documents pub-lished by the author. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with evidence for greater risk factors included proximity to the traumatic event, personal predisposition/temperament Co-morbid psychopathology with other disorders, older age, living in inner-city areas, being, and presence chronic family adversities. While, protective factors were found to be presence of coping strate-gies, presence of family and of social support.

Keywords: Risk; Trauma; Post-Traumatic StressIntroduction

 

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Stress, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents in the Gaza strip.- .Abdelaziz Mousa Thabet - Sanaa S Thabet

Abstract:

Aim: This study aimed to find the most common stressors facing the adolescents in the Gaza Strip, to explore the types and severity of the traumatic experiences, and to estimate the prevalence rate of post-traumatic events.

Method: The target population consisted of 319 adolescents ages 12 to 18 years with mean age of 14.97 (SD=2.01). They were 163 boys (51.1%) and 156 girls (48.9%). Adolescents were interviewed with Life Events Checklist, Traumatic Events Checklist, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index.

Results: The study showed that 58.3% reported life stressors, mean stressors was 4.07. Boys significantly reported more life stressors than girls. Mean traumatic events reported was 3.7. Boys report more traumatic events than girls.

The study results showed that 29.5% had partial post-traumatic stress disorder and 23.5% had full criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder. Total stressors and traumatic events reported by children were strongly correlated, stressors were correlated to total with post-traumatic stress disorder, and re-experiencing, total stressors were strongly correlated with reexperiencing, numbness, hyperarousal, and dissociative symptoms. Also total traumatic events total were strongly correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder, re-experiencing, avoidance, numbness, hyperarousal, and dissociative symptoms.

 Conclusion: In conclusion, our data support the importance of early detection and treatment of children experiencing psychological distress after war exposure, as this may prevent problems in adulthood. Further, life events contributed to persistent stress, through the erosion of social support, and also directly. Clinicians should focus on efforts to help youth manage stressors effectively, either via social support or with other strategies.AbstractStress, trauma and post-traumatic stress d

Keywords: Adolescents, Life stressors, Gaza strip, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Trauma

 

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The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Fear among Palestinian Children in the Gaza Strip - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Tariq Said Qrenawi

AbstractAim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and children’ fears among school aged children in Gaza Strip.

Method: The study sample consisted of 380 children (183 boys and 197 girls) aged between 6 and 12 years old and their parents (180 fathers and 200 mothers). The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical design to represent the entire sample; where the simple was randomly selected from the targeted population. Children and parents were interviewed by modified version of FSSC-R-parents and child forms and the Parenting styles Inventory for the styles of parenting.

Results: The results showed that the children commonly reported the following fears: fears of fire and being burned (87.8%), fears of falling from high places (86.2%) reported. While 91.7% of parents said that they had fears for children of being hit by a car or truck and 85.2% said that they fear that children being shocked by electricity. Girls reported more fears than boys as reported by themselves and their parents.

For parental style, the most commonly parental style was dismissing parent (permissive) (70.8%), disapproving parent (authori-tarian) (67.3%), Laissez-faire parent (uninvolved) (65.3%), and emotion-coaching parent (authoritative) (56.6%). There were no significant differences between the means of the parenting styles (Dismissing parent, Disapproving parent, Laissez-faire parent and Emotion-coaching parenting) according to children fears as reported by either children or the parents.

Keywords: Fears; Children; Parents; Parental style

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The Relationship between PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression in Palestinian Children with Cancer and Mental Health of Mothers - Abdelaziz M Thabet - Mansour Mona

Abstract Aim:  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety among children with cancer and rela-tionship to mother’s mental health. A sample of 50 children with their mothers was selected from oncology department at El Nasser pediatric hospital in Gaza city. The results showed that 22% of children had partial PTSD and 18% had full criteria of PTSD, 62% of children had anxiety disorder, and 68% had depression. For mothers, 70.8% of mothers scored above cut-off point of GHQ-28. The results showed that there were no correlations between total general health and subscale of mothers with children PTSD, anxiety, and depression. However, there were relationship between depression and anxiety in children with cancer.

Conclusions:  The results of this study revealed that mental health among parents of children with cancer in Palestine is higher compared with their counterparts in the other contexts. Based on the results, pediatric oncology nurses can raise parents’ awareness about their mental health problems, by interventions intended to decrease the risks. Parents could gain experience and information in group discussion, which provides appropriate opportunity for mothers to reflect on their own life stories. This life story perspec-tive provides a realistic foundation that can support parents’ wellbeing and contribute to satisfying the needs of their children.

Keywords:  Children with cancer; PTSD; Depression; Anxiety; GHQ-28; mothers

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The Relationship between Siege Stressors, Anxiety, and Depression among Patients with Cancer in Gaza Strip- Reema Awni Bseiso - Abdelaziz Mousa Thabet

Abstract

Introduction: There is a growing body of literatureexamining the impact of other stressors due to daily lifesituation beside the stress of being diagnosed with canceron anxiety and depression.

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between stressors due to siege, war trauma, anxiety and depression among cancer patients in Gaza Strip.

Method: The study sample consisted of 380 cancerpatients (128 male and 252 female). The researcher useddescriptive–analytical design to describe the studyvariables using; Gaza Scale for Socio-demographic status;Gaza Stressful Situations Checklist; Beck DepressionInventory Short form 13 items, translated into Arabic byThabet; Hamilton Anxiety Scale.

Results: The most common reported stressors due tosiege were : 92.9% said prices are sharply increased dueto closure, 90.3% said they feel that they are in big prison,85.5% their work affected so much due to cut-off ofelectricity and shortage of gas (85.5%). The patients withcancer reported from 2-16 stressors due to siege withmean 9.02. Male cancer patients reported more stressorsdue to siege and families with low income had morestressors. Twenty four percent of patients had severedepression, female patients, and families with monthlyincome less than $300 had more depression. The resultsshowed that 58.9% of patients had severe anxiety; femalepatients had more anxiety and families less than $300 hadmore anxiety. The study showed that there werestatistically significant positive relationship between totalstressors due to siege and depression symptoms andanxiety and there were significant relationship betweenthe depression and anxiety in patients with cancer.

Clinical implications: The results revealed that themajority of the study sample suffering from anxiety and depression due to siege. These results considered critical indicators that must be taken into consideration by thepolicy makers, researchers and clinicians to establish psychological support department specialized for cancerpatients at the treating Centre and should be consult with specialized psychiatrist. Also, to provide the cancerpatients with a list of recognized psychological centers and professional counselors for help. Establishing psychotherapy group for cancer patients. Provide specialtreatment and psychological support for the cancerpatients.

Keywords: Anxiety; Cancer; Depression; Siege; Stressors

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The Relationship between War Trauma and Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among  Preschool Children in the Gaza strip- Al Ghalayini H -  Thabet A

 

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Trauma, Mental Health, Coping, Resilience, and Post Traumatic Growth (PG)-Palestinian Experience - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet

 Introduction

Coping

Based on Lazarus and Folkman’s [1] model, coping refers to the behavioral and cognitive efforts one uses to manage the internal and external demands of a stressful situation. Coping can be classified as being either problem-focused or emotion-focused in nature. Lazarus & Folkman’s [1] stress-coping theory, in which the individual assesses both the relevance of the environmental stressor (i.e. what he or she has at stake in the encounter) and his or her coping options before deciding on coping strategies to deal with the stressor. This theory’s general emphasis on “coping,” however, could be expanded to encompass “development” or “growth.” There are three dimensions are most commonly used to categorize coping strategies:

A. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.

B. Primary and secondary control coping.

C. Engagement and disengagement coping (also referred to as approach versus avoidance coping) [2].

D. Problem-focused coping involves activities that focus on directly changing elements of the stressful situation.

E. Emotion-focused coping involves activities that focus more on modifying one’s internal reactions resulting from the stressful situation.

 

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