إفتتاحيــــة العــدد:
العنـــف
والاضطرابــات النفسانيـــة التاليــــة للصدمــــة
-
عبــد العزيـز موسـى ثابــت
فيما يلي
مجموعة من الدراسات في مجال الصحة النفسية للاطفال و البالغين والتي تناولت
العشر سنوات الماضية من تاريخ الشعب الفلسطيني في قطاع غزة و الضفة
الغربية, و بحثت هذه الدراسات عن العوامل المختلفة التي أدت إلى ظهور بعض
الاعراض النفسية مثل الامراض النفسجسمية, و كرب ما بعد الصدمة, و القلق, و
الاكتئاب, و تشتت الانتباه مع زيادة الحركة, و المسلك السيئ للاطفال و
المراهقين. و كان من أهم المسببات هو الضغوط النفسية الناتجة عن الحصار
المفروض على قطاع غزة منذ 2007 و الذي مازال مفروضاً حتى اليوم و الذى أدي
بدوره الي تنامي الشعور بالظلم, و الغبن , و تدني المستوى الاقتصادي لعدم
وجود موادأساسية للصناعةالمحلية نتيجة للحصار و تضييق الخناق على التصدير و
الاستيراد من قطاع غزه و إليه مما زاد من نسبة البطالة و الفقر و العوز لدى
العديد من العائلات الفلسطينية في قطاع غزة. كما ان الحروب الثلاثة على
قطاع غزة سنة 2008, 2012, 2014 كان لها الاثر الكبير في زيادة حجم الصدمات
النفسية التي تعرض لها الفلسطينيون في قطاع غزة. و اظهرت النتائج المختلفة
للدراسات النفسية ارتفاع نسبة الاضطرابات النفسية الناتجة عن الكرب , و
الاكتئاب, و القلق, الامراض السيكوسوماتيه أكثر كثيرا من البلدان التي
تعرضت للحروب. وحيث أن الحالة الفلسطينيةهي حالة فريدة من نوعها لأن في كل
حرب على غزة كان يتبعها المزيد من التضييق على الناس و زيادة الفقر و حجم
المعاناة مع أنه من المعروف بأن بعد كل حرب تكون هناك حالة من الاستقرار و
الرخاء للشعوب و بناء لما دمرته الحرب .
الأبحــــــاث و الدراســـــات
The Relationship between Traumatic Experience, Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder, Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents in Gaza
Strip -
Murad Khalil Dawwas
-
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship
between traumatic experience, posttraumatic stress disorder, resilience,
and posttraumatic growth among adolescents in Gaza Strip. The sample
consisted of 400 secondary school students (200 males and 200 females)
from the seven directorates of the Gaza Strip Their age ranged between
15-18 years with mean age 16.67 years. Descriptive, analytic
cross-sectional design was used. For data collection four instruments
were used: Gaza traumatic events checklist, PTSD checklist for DSM-IV-TR,
Resilience scale for adolescents, and Posttraumatic growth inventory.
Result:
The results showed that the most common traumatic events were hearing
the voices of the bombing on different areas (92.3%), listening to the
sound of drones constantly (86.3%), and hearing the death of a friend or
neighbor during the war (79.5%), and 13% of adolescents had mild trauma,
39.8% had moderate trauma, and 47.3% had severe trauma. Also, the
results showed that 24% adolescents had partial PTSD, and 10.5% had full
criteria of PTSD. The results also showed that adolescents had above
moderate level of resilience with mean score 80.48, and there were no
significant differences in resilience levels related to gender, age,
family size, family income, fathers’ job and level of education, but
adolescents from Khan Younis and Rafah had higher resilience compared to
their counterparts from other places. The results showed that the mean
of total post traumatic growth was 46.05, appreciation of life 6.54,
spiritual change 5.25, personal strength 8.04, relating to others 15.30,
new possibilities 10.86, and there was higher level of posttraumatic
growth in adolescents aged 15-16 years old had. The results of our study
showed that there was statistically significant positive relationship
between total traumatic events due to war and PTSD and negative
correlation with PTG and resilience. PTSD was negatively correlated with
resilience. Finally, PTG was positively correlated with resilience.
Clinical Implications
The study concluded that Palestinian adolescents been
exposed to variety of traumatic events and subsequent posttraumatic
stress disorder as a result of the long-term and ongoing wars beside the
siege against Gaza Strip, and the results of the study raised the need
for strategic mental health programs to enhance coping mechanisms and
decrease the negative impact of trauma
Keywords:
Adolescents; Gaza strip; PTG; PTSD; Resilience; Trauma
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Prevalence of PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Among Orphaned Children in
the Gaza Strip -
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet
-
Mohammed W Elhelou
-
Panos Vostanis
AbstractThis
study aimed to find the prevalence rate of PTSD, anxiety and depression
among orphaned children in Gaza Strip. The study sample consisted of 81
orphaned children from Al-Amal Institute for Orphans. We used
descriptive, analytical, and for data collection we used
sociodemographic sheet; Revised Child Post Traumatic Disorder Index, The
Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Birleson Depression
Self-Rating Scale for Children (BDSRS).
The minimum age was 9 years and the maximum age was 18 years, Mean =
13.34 years. The mean post-traumatic stress disorder was 35.79,
intrusion symptoms was 19.77, avoidance symptoms was 14.30 and mean
arousal symptoms was 13.65, 55.6% of or-phaned children showed moderate
and 34.6% showed severe PTSD. Girls reported significantly more PTSD,
avoidance, and arousal symptoms than boys. A child living in a city had
more PTSD than those children live in a camp or a village. The study
showed that 67.9% showed depression. Depression was more in children
from north Gaza had more depression than those coming from the other
four areas of the Gaza Strip. The results showed that 30.9% of children
rated as anxiety cases. Children 13 - 15 years old had more anxiety than
those younger and older age than them and children coming from north
Gaza had more anxiety than those coming from the other four areas of the
Gaza Strip. The result showed that there was positive correlation with
statistical significance between depression and anxiety, intrusion, and
avoidance. While total depression was negatively correlated with arousal
symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was negatively correlated with PTSD and
avoidance symptoms of PTSD.
Clinical Implications:
The study concluded that orphaned children have a considerable level of
PTSD, anxiety and depression, which raised the need for more attention
from governmental and Non-governmental institutions towards finding
therapeutic programs for the orphans to enable them to live and be
functional and productive in the future.
Keywords:
Orphaned Children; PTSD; Anxiety; Depression; Gaza Strip
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Prevalence of Domestic Violence among Pregnant Women Attending Primary
Health Care Clinics in Gaza -
Eslam Farhat Murtaja
-
Abdel Aziz Thabet
AbstractAim:
The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of domestic
violence, among pregnant women attending primary health care clinics in
Gaza Strip.
Method:
Descriptive analytic, cross sectional design. The sample consisted of
400 pregnant women from the five governorates of Gaza Strip. Tools of
the study included socio-demographic characteristic questionnaire and
Conflict Tactics Scale.
Results:
The study showed that psychological assault reported by pregnant women
was 6.11%, physical assault was 2.8%, physical injury was 1.3%, and
sexual assault was 0.4%. However, psychological assault was
significantly higher in women living in camps than women living in
cities or villages, women in age group of 36 and above years, uneducated
women, uneducated husbands, and having 8 and more children. Moreover,
physical assault was significantly more in uneducated women and in women
in families with 8 and more. While, physical injury was significantly
more in women with uneducated husbands and families with 8 and more
children. Clinical implications: Our study showed that pregnant
Palestinian women exposed to physical violence and psychological
violence. More specific programs should be established in Gaza to enable
women of using new coping strategies with difficulties. Also, training
programs including primary health care professional such physicians,
nurses, social service experts, and midwives should be provide to enable
them of early detection of victims of violence and provide social
support to these women.
Keywords:Domestic
violence; Pregnant women; Gaza strip; Primary health care
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Palestinian Children: Victims of Decades of Violence and Trauma -
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet
Introduction
In the following paper, we will highlight the historical, socio
economical, and political context of Palestinians living in the Occupied
Territories. During the last two decades many historical and political
events had occurred. From the first Intifada to Oslo agreement to Al
Aqsa Intifada to factional fighting, and lastly the Gaza siege.
Political violence inflicted on Palestinians escalated day after day and
oppression methods changed from time to time. Demography
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Coping and mental health problems among Palestinian refugee families
-
Abdelaziz M Thabet
-
Sanaa S Thabet
-
Panos Vostanis
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of the study was to find the rate of mental health problems
among refugee’s families, to explore type of coping strategies used to
overcome the stress and trauma and to explore the relationship to mental
health problems and ways of coping in face of stress and adversities.
Method:
A sample of 116 Refugee participants living in three refugee camps in
Gaza Strip (Beach, Nusirate and Khan Younis camps) was selected. The
sample consisted of 78 males (67.2%) and 38 females (32.8%). Age ranged
from 19-65 years with a mean age of 41.3 years. Participants completed
measures of Brief Symptom Inventory and Family Crisis Oriented Personal
Evaluation Scale.
Results:
The study showed than mean Brief Symptom Inventory was 64.97, anxiety
mean was 9.79, somatization mean was 7.34, depression mean was 8.45,
hostility mean was 3.91, obsession mean was 8.37, sensitivity mean was
5.88, paranoid mean was 5.31, phobia mean was 5.76 and psychoticism mean
was 4.16. The results showed that Palestinian families coped with
stressful situations by: 75% said that is God wish, 39.7% said they will
ask for advice from relatives and grandparents and 35.3% attending
religious meetings. The results showed that mean total coping of family
was 109.17, acquiring social support mean was 16.37, reframing mean was
30.64, seeking spiritual support mean was 16.37, positive appraisal mean
was 13.83 and mobilizing family to acquire and accept help mean was
14.83.
The study showed that total FCOPE was positively
correlated with phobia, acquiring social support was positively
correlated with phobia , reframing was correlated negatively with
obsession, positive appraisal was positively correlated with hostility,
obsession, paranoid, phobic anxiety and psychoticism, mobilizing family
to acquire and accept help was positively correlated with somatization,
phobic anxiety and psychoticism.
Clinical implications:
This study had shown that refugees in Gaza Strip had mental health
problems and they used more religious coping strategies to overcome the
war-related traumatic experiences and distress. Such findings highlight
the importance of developing mental health services. Future research
that includes the training of primary health care professionals, health
workers, counselors in the effects of trauma and culturally adapted
counseling skills that capitalize on people empowerment and building on
strengths appears particularly relevant. We suggested, as integrating
mental health services into primary health care, religious organizations
and community outreach efforts may make care more accessible, help to
destigmatize mental health problems and thus help individuals and
families make use of available resources.
Keywords:
Coping, Family, Gaza, Mental health problems, Refugee.
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip
-
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet
-
Panos Vostanis
AbstractAim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect oftrauma due to Gaza
war on Palestinians' PTSD and copingsstrategies. A sample of 374 adults,
the age ranged from 21to 60 years with mean age 41.5 (SD=8.6), 193 were
males(53.9%) and 181 were females 46.1%. Participantscompleted measures
of experience of traumatic events(Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist-20
items, War on Gaza),PTSD, and Ways of Coping Scale.
Mean traumatic events experienced 5.4 traumatic eventsand
42% reported full criteria of PTSD. Mean copingscores was 107.28,
acquiring social support mean was29.59, reframing mean was 31.22,
seeking spiritualsupport mean was 15.93, mobilizing family to acquire
andaccept help mean was 14.14, and positive appraisal meanwas 13.89.
Traumatic events were significantly negativelycorrelated to other coping
strategies such as reframingand mobilizing family to acquire and accept
help.
Participants with no PTSD scored more coping,
acquiringsocial support, reframing, and seeking spiritual
support,positive appraisal. While, there was no significantdifferences
in mobilizing family to acquire and accept helpwith PTSD.
Keywords:
Copings strategies; Palestinians; PTSD; Wartrauma
رجوع إلى الفهرس
The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping
Strategies among Patients with Cancer in Gaza Strip-
Al Jadili M
-
Thabet AA
AbstractAim:
The study aimed to examine the mental health status of the patients with
cancer and the copingstrategies that adopted by them in front of
stressful situations.
Method:
The sample consisted of 358 patients withcancer in the oncology clinic
at Shifa Hospital in GazaStrip. Participants were interviewed
individually byquestionnaire include socioeconomic questionnaire,
PTSDscale, and Ways of coping Scale.
Results:
The study showed that 42.5% of patients hadPTSD, 47% had re-experiencing
of PTSD, 40.5% hadhyperarousal, and 40.1% had avoidance symptoms.
Thegroup of 40 years and less were significantly higher in
re-experiences than 71 years and above among the studysample.
The results showed that affiliation at the highest
rank(81.6%), followed by reinterpretation (75.5%), self-controlcoping
strategy (75.3%), problem solving (72.3%), wishand avoidance thinking
was (69.0%), trouble and escapewas (61.8%), accountability coping
strategy was (53.0%)among the study sample of patients with cancer.
Theresult showed that there were no significant differences insex of
patients and wish and avoidance thinking, problemsolving,
reinterpretation, affiliation, accountability, andself-control. However,
there were significant differences introuble and escape in favor of male
patients.
There was positive significant correlation between
wishand avoidance thinking and re-experience of PTSD. Inaddition, there
were positive significant correlationbetween accountability and PTSD,
re-experience of PTSD,avoidance of PTSD, hyper-arousal of PTSD. In
addition,there were positive significant correlation betweenTrouble and
escape and PTSD, re-experience of PTSD,avoidance of PTSD, hyper-arousal
of PTSD. While; therewere negative significant correlation between
problemsolving and PTSD, re-experience of PTSD, avoidance of PTSD,
hyperarousal of PTSD. In addition, there werenegative significant
correlation between re-interpretationand PTSD, re-experience of PTSD,
avoidance of PTSD,hyperarousal of PTSD. In addition, there were
negativesignificant correlation between affiliation and PTSD,avoidance
of PTSD, hyperarousal of PTSD. In addition,there were negative
significant correlation between self-control and PTSD, avoidance of PTSD,
hyper-arousal of PTSD.
Clinical implications:
Our findings highlight the need fortherapeutic and educational
programmes-includingcounseling for those patients with cancer and
theirfamilies, support groups, and behavioural therapy forpatients with
P.T.S.D, and other psychiatric disorders. Also,new family therapy
programmes must be establishedaimed at improving communications and
interactionsbetween family members, as well as teaching problem-solving
skills to assist the family members in confrontingthe mental health
problems associated with cancer
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Coping With Trauma Among Children in South of Gaza Strip-
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet- Sanaa S. Thabet
ABSTRACT Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trauma, mental
health, and cop-ing strategies among children living in south of Gaza
Strip
Methodology:
The sample consisted of 317 children and their parents. Children were
inter-viewed with Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist, Children Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder Re-action Index, (PTSD-RI) Strengths and
Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Teachers, parents, and children
forms), Spence Anxiety Scale, and Adolescent Coping Orientation for
Problem Experiences (ACOPE).
Results:
Palestinian children reported a mean of 9.34 traumatic events. Boys
reported more exposure to traumatic events than girls. Results showed
that 25.2% of children had PTSD.The present study showed the prevalence
of general mental health problems using SDQ for self-reported, parents
and teachers forms (19.4%, 24.3%, and 28.4%).Total score of anxiety was
recorded as 41.15. Girls expressed more panic/agoraphobia and separation
anxiety than boys. There was a significant correlation between total
trauma and PTSD, PTSD and total coping strategies, ventilating feelings
and PTSD, social support and PTSD, avoiding problems and PTSD.
Clinical applications:
An outreach child mental health clinics with multidisciplinary staff
need to be established at primary health centers to assess and treat
children referred from commu-nity agencies and schools after exposure to
traumatic events. Similarly, training courses for social workers,
primary health workers, school counsellors in the field of trauma
should be conducted.
KEYWORDS:
Anxiety; Children; PTSD; SDQ; South Gaza; Trauma.
ABBREVIATIONS:
PTSD-RI: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index; SDQ: Strengths
and Difficulties Questionnaire; ACOPE: Adolescent Coping Orientation for
Problem Experi-ences; UNRWA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency.
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Effect of Trauma on Mental Health of Parents and Children in the Middle
Area of the Gaza Strip-
Thabet AA -
Panos Vostanis
AbstractAim:
This study was undertaken after one year of the disengagement plan and
withdrawal of Israeli Occupation forces from Gaza Strip with the aim to
determine the effect of shelling and other traumatic events on mental
health of parents and children.
Method:
The study includes 200 parents and 200 children age 9-18 years who were
assessed by self- completed questionnaire.
Results:
The results estimated mean traumatic experiences for parents were 8.42,
prevalence of PTSD in parents was 60%; anxiety disorder 26.5%. For
children, mean traumatic events were 7.88, prevalence of PTSD in
children was 70.1%; anxiety disorder (33.9%), general mental health
problems rated by parents (42.7); conduct disorder (36.8%);
hyperactivity (22.8%), emotional problems (24.4%), peers problems
(60.1%), and prosocial problems (20.2%). There was correlation between
trauma of children and PTSD of children, intrusion, avoidance, and
arousal. No gender differences in both parents and children in PTSD.
Parents PTSD were associated with their children PTSD. PTSD of children
was significantly associated with total traumatic events of parents,
anxiety of parents, of PTSD of parents, intrusion symptoms of parents,
avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Also anxiety of children was
significantly correlated with parent’s anxiety.
Clinical implications:
These findings are discussed in relation to need for crisis intervention
programmes in north of Gaza and West of Gaza and psychosocial programmes
for both parents and children.
Keywords:
Shelling; Parents; Children; PTSD; Anxiety; General mental health; Gaza
Strip
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Effects of Political and Community Violence on Mental Health of
Adolescence in Gaza Strip.-
El-Kahlout
Ahmed Mohammed - Thabet AA
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of this study to investigate the impact of trauma due to Israeli
and community violence on Palestinian adolescents PTSD, depression, and
anxiety.
Method:
A stratified cluster random sample survey of 394 adolescents; (51.5%
males 49.5% females) aged between 15-18 years were assessed. The
researcher used descriptive analytical design to represent the entire
sample of the population. However, the researcher used some of modified
scales from which; Gaza traumatic events checklist for Israelis
violence, Gaza traumatic events checklist for factional fighting, the
revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS), child depression
inventory (CDI), UCLA PTSD Index for DSM IV.
Results:
The major findings were: the most common traumatic events due to Israel
violence revealed by children was "watching mutilated bodies in TV" by
90.4%, the most common traumatic events due to factional fighting was
"hearing the shootings and bombardment due to fighting in the streets"
by 87.1%. The prevalence of severe Israel violence events was 23.6%. The
prevalence of severe factional fighting events was 22.1%. There were a
significant association between Israel violence and factional fighting.
The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were 20.8%, 31.0%, 12.7%
consecutively. There were positive significant correlation between
anxiety, PTSD, depression and political violence. The study found
significant differences in anxiety levels according to sex, but there
were no significant differences in PTSD and depression levels according
to sex. The study found significant differences between the means of
anxiety, PTSD and depression levels according to Israel violence and
factional fighting levels.
Clinical implications
The findings of this study showed that there are needs
for establishing therapeutic programmes including counseling for victims
of violence or for those at risk, support groups, and behavioral therapy
for depression and other psychiatric disorders. Also, public education
campaigns using the media to target entire communities or educational
campaigns for specific settings such as schools, workplaces, and health
care and other institutions. For schools extracurricular activities for
young people, such as sports, drama, art and music must be established.
Moreover, training for police, health and education professionals, and
employers to make them better able to identify and respond to the
different types of violence.
رجوع إلى الفهرس
The Relationship between PTSD, Anxiety and Depression in Palestinian
Children with Cancer and Mental Health of Mothers-
Abdelaziz M
Thabet - Mansour Mona A
AbstractAim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalenceof PTSD,
depression and anxiety among children with cancerand relationship to
mother’s mental health. A sample of 50children with their mothers was
selected from oncologydepartment at El Nasser paediatric hospital in
Gaza city.
Result:
The results showed that 22% of children had partialPTSD and 18% had full
criteria of PTSD, 62% of children hadanxiety disorder and 68% had
depression. For mothers,70.8% of mothers scored above cut-off point of
GHQ-28.The results showed that there were no correlationsbetween total
general health and subscale of mothers withchildren PTSD, anxiety and
depression. However, there wererelationship between depression and
anxiety in childrenwith cancer.
Conclusions:
The results of this study revealed that mentalhealth among parents of
children with cancer in Palestine ishigher compared with their
counterparts in the othercontexts. Based on the results, paediatric
oncology nursescan raise parents’ awareness about their mental
healthproblems, by interventions intended to decrease the risks.Parents
could gain experience and information in groupdiscussion, which provides
appropriate opportunity formothers to reflect on their own life stories.
This life storyperspective provides a realistic foundation that can
supportparents’ wellbeing and contribute to satisfying the needs oftheir
children.
Keywords:
Children with cancer; Post-traumatic stressdisorder; Depression;
Anxiety; GHQ-28; Mothers
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder due to War Trauma, Social and Family
Support among Adolescent in the Gaza Strip -
Niveen Ahmed
Mousa Al-Sheikh - Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet
ABSTRACTAim:
This study aimed to find the relationship between trauma due to war and
post-traumatic stress disorder, social,and family support among
adolescent in the Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of 400 students (200
boys and 200 girls).
Method:
The adolescents were interviewed by Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist,
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Social Support Scale and
Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale.
Results:
The study showed that mean traumatic experiences reported was 12.19.
Boys had been exposed more thangirls. The study showed that 25% of
adolescents reported partial PTSD and 9.3% had full criteria of PTSD.
Boys reportedmore PTSD than girls. Mean of social support was 83.
Adolescents aged 13 years had less total social support than theolder
group. Mean of family support was 97.33, acquiring social support was
28.62, reframing was 26.18, seekingspiritual support was 14.26,
mobilizing family to acquire and accept help was 12.48, positive
appraisal was 12.75. Therewas positive correlation between total
traumatic events and PTSD, intrusion and avoidance. While, total
traumatic eventswere correlated negatively with family coping and social
support. There was positive correlation between PTSD and socialsupport
and family support.
Keywords:
Adolescent, Family support, Gaza strip, Post-traumatic stress disorder,
Social, War trauma
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Prevalence of ADHD and Mental Health Problems among Preschool Children
in the Gaza Strip -
Abdelaziz M
Thabet
AbstractAim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and
mental health problems among preschool Palestinian children.
Method:
The sample consisted of 398 randomly selected preschool children with
their mothers and teachers. Children were rated using SDQ and ADHD for
parents and teachers.
Results:
The results showed that 28.4% of the children according to mothers
displayed psychiatric morbidity. Among the four categories of mental
health problems, 45.8% reported conduct, 14.2% reported emotional
problems, 46% reported peer relationships problem, 33.8% reported
hyperactivity, and 15.1% reported pro-social problems. Boys were more
hyperactive than girls. According to mothers report, 31.3% of children
met the DSM-IV criteria for inattentive type, 36.3% of children were
hyperactive-impulsive, and 29% met criteria for combined type. The
results showed boys had more attention, hyperactivity, and combined
ADHD type than girls. According to teachers, 46.7% of the children were
displayed psychiatric morbidity by their teachers. Among the four
categories of mental health problems, 45.8% reported conduct, 11.6%
reported emotional, 55.8% reported peer relationship problems, 15.3%
reported hyperactivity, and 31.2%, reported prosaically behavior
problem. According to teachers report, 28.8% of children met the DSM-IV
criteria for inattentive type, 37.3% of children were
hyperactive-impulsive, and 28.3% met criteria for combined type of ADHD.
Clinical implications:
From the above mentioned results, we recommended to conduct more
training sessions for parents and teachers specified in one or two
specific areas of interest such as behavioural problems and behavioural
modification. Involving the fathers in such activities and inviting them
to similar training sessions, continuous training inside the
kindergarten in specific subjects such as overactivity, using drawing in
helping children, play therapy, behavioral modification, and counseling,
increase in non curriculum activities in the classes. Increase in number
of trips, play sessions, drawing settings, supervision of the
kindergarten teachers and regular visits to the kindergartens is
required by the project officer and the center directors.
Keywords:
ADHD; Gaza; Preschool; SDQ
رجوع إلى الفهرس
Quality of Life (QoL) and Depression Among Children With End Stage
Renal Disease Attending Hemodialysis Units in Gaza Strip -
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Joma W. Younis
ABSTRACTAim:
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) and
depression among children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing
hemodialysis in the Gaza strip compared to the control group of children
with chronic medical problems attending the same hospitals.
Methodology:
The study sample consisted of children diagnosed with ESRD (N=47) and a
control group of children with chronic medical problems attending the
same hospitals (N=95). Data collection was performed using
sociodemographic scale, medical status checklist, QoL questionnaire and
the birleson depression self-rating scale (DSRS) in a face-to-face
interview.
Results:
The results showed that prevalence of depression reported in children
with ESRD was 20.13% and for the control group was 12.63%. The study
showed that the mean total QoL for end stage renal (ESR) failure in
children was 48.98 relative to 52.75 SD for the control group. There
were statistically significant differences in the QoL among the control
group children. Physical functioning mean for ESR failure was 14.02% and
for the control group was 21.24%. There were statistically significant
differences in physical functioning for the group being studied.
Emotional functioning for ESR failure was 14.04% and the control mean
was 9.68%. There were statistically significant differences in emotional
functioning in the control group. Social functioning mean in ESR failure
was 9.96% and 8.32% for the control group. There were statistically
significant differences in social functioning towards the ESR failure.
School functioning mean in ESR failure was 11.38% and 12.77 % for the
control group. There were statistically significant differences in
school functioning in the control group.
Conclusion:
The findings of the study showed that the ESRD have positive perceptions
about their QoL (emotional, social), negative perception towards
physical functioning and school, compared to the control group who have
positive perception about physical functioning, school and their QoL and
negative perception towards social and emotional functioning, and
indicate a higher incidence of depression among ESRD relative to the
control group.
KEY WORDS:
Children; Depression; ESRD; QoL.ABBREVIATIONS: QoL: Quality of Life;
ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease; DSRS: Depression self-rating scale; CKD:
Chronic Kidney Disease; CRF: Chronic Renal Failure.
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Relationships Between Traumatic Events, Religious Coping Style, and
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Palestinians in the Gaza Strip -
Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet - Panos Vostanis
AbstractAim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect oftrauma due to Gaza
war on Palestinians' PTSD and copings strategies. A sample of 374
adults, the age ranged from 21to 60 years with mean age 41.5 (SD=8.6),
193 were males(53.9%) and 181 were females 46.1%. Participants completed
measures of experience of traumatic events(Gaza Traumatic Events
Checklist-20 items, War on Gaza),PTSD, and Ways of Coping Scale.
Mean traumatic events experienced 5.4 traumatic eventsand
42% reported full criteria of PTSD. Mean copingscores was 107.28,
acquiring social support mean was29.59, reframing mean was 31.22,
seeking spiritualsupport mean was 15.93, mobilizing family to acquire
andaccept help mean was 14.14, and positive appraisal meanwas 13.89.
Traumatic events were significantly negative lycorrelated to other
coping strategies such as reframingand mobilizing family to acquire and
accept help.
Participants with no PTSD scored more coping,
acquiringsocial support, reframing, and seeking spiritual
support,positive appraisal. While, there was no significantdifferences
in mobilizing family to acquire and accept helpwith PTSD.
Keywords:
Copings strategies; Palestinians; PTSD; Wartrauma
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Risk and Protective Factors in Relation to Trauma and Post Traumatic
Stress Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review -
Abdel Aziz
Mousa Thabet
Abstract:
This meta-analysis examined studies of the Risk and
Protective factors in relation to trauma and post-traumatic stress
disorders of children exposed to political and community violence.
Review of 109 articles was done using Psych info and other documents
pub-lished by the author. Similar effects were found across a range of
outcomes, with evidence for greater risk factors included proximity to
the traumatic event, personal predisposition/temperament Co-morbid
psychopathology with other disorders, older age, living in inner-city
areas, being, and presence chronic family adversities. While, protective
factors were found to be presence of coping strate-gies, presence of
family and of social support.
Keywords:
Risk; Trauma; Post-Traumatic StressIntroduction
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Stress, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents in
the Gaza strip.-
.Abdelaziz
Mousa Thabet - Sanaa S Thabet
Abstract:
Aim:
This study aimed to find the most common stressors facing the
adolescents in the Gaza Strip, to explore the types and severity of the
traumatic experiences, and to estimate the prevalence rate of
post-traumatic events.
Method:
The target population consisted of 319 adolescents ages 12 to 18 years
with mean age of 14.97 (SD=2.01). They were 163 boys (51.1%) and 156
girls (48.9%). Adolescents were interviewed with Life Events Checklist,
Traumatic Events Checklist, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction
Index.
Results:
The study showed that 58.3% reported life stressors, mean stressors was
4.07. Boys significantly reported more life stressors than girls. Mean
traumatic events reported was 3.7. Boys report more traumatic events
than girls.
The study results showed that 29.5% had partial
post-traumatic stress disorder and 23.5% had full criteria of
post-traumatic stress disorder. Total stressors and traumatic events
reported by children were strongly correlated, stressors were correlated
to total with post-traumatic stress disorder, and re-experiencing, total
stressors were strongly correlated with reexperiencing, numbness,
hyperarousal, and dissociative symptoms. Also total traumatic events
total were strongly correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder,
re-experiencing, avoidance, numbness, hyperarousal, and dissociative
symptoms.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, our data support the importance of early detection and
treatment of children experiencing psychological distress after war
exposure, as this may prevent problems in adulthood. Further, life
events contributed to persistent stress, through the erosion of social
support, and also directly. Clinicians should focus on efforts to help
youth manage stressors effectively, either via social support or with
other strategies.AbstractStress, trauma and post-traumatic stress d
Keywords:
Adolescents, Life stressors, Gaza strip, Post-traumatic stress disorder,
Trauma
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The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Fear among Palestinian
Children in the Gaza Strip -
Abdel Aziz
Mousa Thabet - Tariq Said Qrenawi
AbstractAim:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting
styles and children’ fears among school aged children in Gaza Strip.
Method:
The study sample consisted of 380 children (183 boys and 197 girls) aged
between 6 and 12 years old and their parents (180 fathers and 200
mothers). The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical design to
represent the entire sample; where the simple was randomly selected from
the targeted population. Children and parents were interviewed by
modified version of FSSC-R-parents and child forms and the Parenting
styles Inventory for the styles of parenting.
Results:
The results showed that the children commonly reported the following
fears: fears of fire and being burned (87.8%), fears of falling from
high places (86.2%) reported. While 91.7% of parents said that they had
fears for children of being hit by a car or truck and 85.2% said that
they fear that children being shocked by electricity. Girls reported
more fears than boys as reported by themselves and their parents.
For parental style, the most commonly parental style was
dismissing parent (permissive) (70.8%), disapproving parent (authori-tarian)
(67.3%), Laissez-faire parent (uninvolved) (65.3%), and emotion-coaching
parent (authoritative) (56.6%). There were no significant differences
between the means of the parenting styles (Dismissing parent,
Disapproving parent, Laissez-faire parent and Emotion-coaching
parenting) according to children fears as reported by either children or
the parents.
Keywords:
Fears; Children; Parents; Parental style
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The Relationship between PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression in Palestinian
Children with Cancer and Mental Health of Mothers -
Abdelaziz M
Thabet - Mansour Mona
Abstract Aim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD,
depression and anxiety among children with cancer and rela-tionship to
mother’s mental health. A sample of 50 children with their mothers was
selected from oncology department at El Nasser pediatric hospital in
Gaza city. The results showed that 22% of children had partial PTSD and
18% had full criteria of PTSD, 62% of children had anxiety disorder, and
68% had depression. For mothers, 70.8% of mothers scored above cut-off
point of GHQ-28. The results showed that there were no correlations
between total general health and subscale of mothers with children PTSD,
anxiety, and depression. However, there were relationship between
depression and anxiety in children with cancer.
Conclusions:
The results of this study revealed that mental health among parents of
children with cancer in Palestine is higher compared with their
counterparts in the other contexts. Based on the results, pediatric
oncology nurses can raise parents’ awareness about their mental health
problems, by interventions intended to decrease the risks. Parents could
gain experience and information in group discussion, which provides
appropriate opportunity for mothers to reflect on their own life
stories. This life story perspec-tive provides a realistic foundation
that can support parents’ wellbeing and contribute to satisfying the
needs of their children.
Keywords:
Children with cancer; PTSD; Depression; Anxiety; GHQ-28; mothers
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The Relationship between Siege Stressors, Anxiety, and Depression among
Patients with Cancer in Gaza Strip-
Reema Awni
Bseiso - Abdelaziz Mousa Thabet
Abstract
Introduction:
There is a growing body of literatureexamining the impact of other
stressors due to daily lifesituation beside the stress of being
diagnosed with canceron anxiety and depression.
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship
between stressors due to siege, war trauma, anxiety and depression among
cancer patients in Gaza Strip.
Method:
The study sample consisted of 380 cancerpatients (128 male and 252
female). The researcher useddescriptive–analytical design to describe
the studyvariables using; Gaza Scale for Socio-demographic status;Gaza
Stressful Situations Checklist; Beck DepressionInventory Short form 13
items, translated into Arabic byThabet; Hamilton Anxiety Scale.
Results:
The most common reported stressors due tosiege were : 92.9% said prices
are sharply increased dueto closure, 90.3% said they feel that they are
in big prison,85.5% their work affected so much due to cut-off
ofelectricity and shortage of gas (85.5%). The patients withcancer
reported from 2-16 stressors due to siege withmean 9.02. Male cancer
patients reported more stressorsdue to siege and families with low
income had morestressors. Twenty four percent of patients had
severedepression, female patients, and families with monthlyincome less
than $300 had more depression. The resultsshowed that 58.9% of patients
had severe anxiety; femalepatients had more anxiety and families less
than $300 hadmore anxiety. The study showed that there werestatistically
significant positive relationship between totalstressors due to siege
and depression symptoms andanxiety and there were significant
relationship betweenthe depression and anxiety in patients with cancer.
Clinical implications:
The results revealed that themajority of the study sample suffering from
anxiety and depression due to siege. These results considered critical
indicators that must be taken into consideration by thepolicy makers,
researchers and clinicians to establish psychological support department
specialized for cancerpatients at the treating Centre and should be
consult with specialized psychiatrist. Also, to provide the
cancerpatients with a list of recognized psychological centers and
professional counselors for help. Establishing psychotherapy group for
cancer patients. Provide specialtreatment and psychological support for
the cancerpatients.
Keywords:
Anxiety; Cancer; Depression; Siege; Stressors
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The Relationship between War Trauma and Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder among Preschool Children in the Gaza strip-
Al
Ghalayini H - Thabet A
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Trauma, Mental Health, Coping, Resilience, and Post Traumatic Growth
(PG)-Palestinian Experience -
Abdel Aziz
Mousa Thabet
Introduction
Coping
Based on Lazarus and Folkman’s [1] model, coping refers
to the behavioral and cognitive efforts one uses to manage the internal
and external demands of a stressful situation. Coping can be classified
as being either problem-focused or emotion-focused in nature. Lazarus &
Folkman’s [1] stress-coping theory, in which the individual assesses
both the relevance of the environmental stressor (i.e. what he or she
has at stake in the encounter) and his or her coping options before
deciding on coping strategies to deal with the stressor. This theory’s
general emphasis on “coping,” however, could be expanded to encompass
“development” or “growth.” There are three dimensions are most commonly
used to categorize coping strategies:
A. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.
B. Primary and secondary control coping.
C. Engagement and disengagement coping (also referred to
as approach versus avoidance coping) [2].
D. Problem-focused coping involves activities that focus
on directly changing elements of the stressful situation.
E. Emotion-focused coping involves activities that focus
more on modifying one’s internal reactions resulting from the stressful
situation.
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